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GUIDE 

TO 

LEXINGTON 

KENTUCKY, 

With Notices Historical and Descriptive of Places and Objects of Interest, 

and a Sun^n^ary of the ^dvaqtages and Resources of 

the City and Vicirjity, 

BY 

G. W. RANCK, 

AUTHOR OF HISTORY OF LEXINGTON, o'hARA AND HIS ELEGIES, 

sketches of kentucky history, etc. 

Lexington, Kentucky: 
Transylvania Printing and Publishing Company. 



Copyright 1883, by G. W. Kanck. 



THIS LITTLE BOOK 
IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED 

TO 

THE LEXINGTON CHAMBER OF COMMERCE, 

AT WHOSE REQUEST IT WAS WRITTEN-. 






GUIDE TO LEXINGTON-. 



^CliEXipTOI^.D^ 



No American city of its age can more justly claim the attention of the 
tourist than Lexington. It is rich in historic associations, is a complete 
epitome of Old Kentucky life and manners, and is surrounded by all the at- 
tractions of a region which, for pastoral beauty and fertility, is unsurpassed 
upon the face of the globe. Almost in its suburbs is the site of Bryant's 
Station, so celebrated for the siege it sustained at the hands of the British 
and the Indians a hundred ^years ago; noted old Boonsborough, and the 
tragic battle field of Blue Licks are not far distant, and within half an hour's 
ride from the city stands the highest pier bridge in the world in the midst of 
the wild and magnificent scenery of that wonderfully picturesque river — the 
battlemented Kentucky. 

Lexington, the seat of justice of Fayette County, and the social and 
commercial capital of the famous "Blu^ Grass Region," is situated in what 
Bancroft styles, "the unrivaled valley of Elkhorn creek," and is, by rail, 
ninety-four miles east of Louisville and eighty miles south of Cincinnati. 
Her population is about twenty thousand. The streets, which are laid off 
at right angles, are adorned with handsome business houses and private 
residences, and the splendid macadamized roads, which radiate from the 
city in every direction, lead the tourist to landscapes strikingly English in 
appearance, dotted with veritable "Old Kentucky Homes," and with exten- 
sive stock-breeding establishments, where herds of thoroughbred cattle 
graze, and from whence have gone forth most of the noted blood horses of 
America. The annual sales of horses and cattle held here are the most ex- 
tensive of their kind in the world. 

Lexington has ten newspapeis, four of which are daily; twenty-two 
churches, and twenty-three educational institutions, including one university ^ 
a new State College, a Commercial College, three large female seminaries, 
and flourishing public and private schools. Her railroad facilities have 
lately been greatly increased, and the outlook of the city is exceedingly en- 
couraging. Trade which has heretofore been heaviest in grain, groceries, 
dry goods, whisky, hemp and live stock is opening new channels and extend- 
ing and taking on a far more enterprising phaze. Within a few months a 
Chamber of Commerce, telephones, street railroad, electric lights, and a 



O GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

free mail delivery, have gone into operation, new public buildings are tO be- 
erected, new factories are being established, and the demand for houses is 
unprecedented. Lexington is becoming more and more important as a 
railroad center, and her superior advantages in this respect will make her 
for the second time the capital of the State. Coal is abundant and ch.-.-i;^ ; 
the neighboring counties teem with it, and with iron and lumber of tlie 
most valuable kinds, and the fat and fertile region surrounding her will feed; 
a vast population. The inducements to make her a manufacturing city are 
plain and strong, and everything invites the capitalist to investment. 



BUILDING STONE. 

Lexington enjoys superior advantages in the quality, variety and supply 
of building stone, two kinds of which are worthy of special mention. One.. 
which abounds almost in the suburbs of the city, is very fine magnesian lime- 
stone, resembling the famous Caen stone of Normandy. It is popularly 
known as "Kentucky Marble," and is the stone of which the Clay monument 
was built. The other is known as Superior Freestone, and is quarried at Far 
mer's Station, a short distance out on the line of the Chesapeake and Ohio 
Railroad, and is the material of which the new Court House and pavements 
on Main street are being constructed. It is of two colors, buff and a bluish 
gray, presents a handsome appearance, and is of uniform texture, even, true 
and smooth. It is said to have been in use more than fifty years without 
showmg signs of disintegration. 



AS A POPULAR RESORT. 

Owing to her central location, splendid railroad facilities, historic attrac- 
tions, and fine hotel accommodations, Lexington is by far the most popular 
place in Kentucky for the holding of conventions, re-unions, festivals, mass 
meetings, and gatherings of all kinds. The number and variety of the as- 
semblages that convene in Lexington is remarkable and steadily increasing. 
The exceeding healthfulness of the city; its pure air; grateful temperature 
and fine society, have always made it a favorite summer resort for visitors 
from the extreme South who are mindful also of its blue grass bill of fare, 
for it is doubtful if there is another equal body of land in existence that pro- 
duces so many of the luxuries and substantials of life as the region around 
Lexington. The city is destined to reap no small advantage from the stream 
of travelers, tourists, and strangers, which will grow larger and larger as her 
attractions become more widely known. 



GUIDE TO LEXIXGTOX. 




THE WILDERNESS SPRING. 

( Where the City zvas NaDied.) 
Tourists and visitors will be interested in the romantic, but perfectly 
authentic, incident which occurred at this spot, which is located at the west 
end of Pepper's distillery, on the old Fran kfort road, in the suburbs of the 
city. The history of Lexington, which commences with the opening of the 
American Revolution, furnishes the anomalous instance of a city named four 
years before it was settled. About the fifth of June, 177^, at nightfall, a 
party of daring pioneers, headed by the c icbrated Indian fighters, Robert 
Patterson and Simon Kenton, camped at what was afterwards called "Royal's 
Spring," which, after the lapse of more than a century, is as copious as 
ever. It is now encircled by a wall. Delighted with the prospect about 
them, they determined to make a "settlement" around the very spot where 
they were then encamped, and they named it "Lexington," as they excitedly 
discussed the thrilling news which had so slowly penetrated the r'epths of 
the dense wilderness of Kentucky of that momentous battle between "the 
Rebels" and "the Red Coats," which had been fought six weeks before in the 



8 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

Colony of Massachusetts. . This, then, was the first city named after that 
historic field, and constitutes the first monument ever erected upon this con- 
tinent to the first martyrs to the cause of American Independence, and as 
such was toasted at Lexington, Mass., on the 19th of April, 1S75, at the great 
centennial celebration of that battle. The hunters who camped at the Wil- 
derness Spring had barely named their future city when they were dispersed 
by the savages, who, leagueing with the British, filled Kentucky with their 
raging bands, and four years elapsed before the settlement of Lexington was 
effected. 



WHAT IS THE BLUE GRASS REGION ? 

Is a question strangers almost invariably ask. Strictly speaking the 
Blue Grass Region of Kentucky is quite extensive, but the term, in its pop- 
ular sense, applies only to the remarkable body of land in the center of the 
State, which comprises six or eight counties surrounding Lexington. This 
favored district, which a scientific authority has styled "the very heart of 
the United States," is underlaid by apeculiar, decomposable limestone, which 
imparts to the soil an unsurpassed fertility, and gives to our grass, known 
to botanists as Poa Pretensts, a richness and permanent luxuriance which 
it attains no where else. Hence the term, "The Blue Grass Region," a 
synonim for the acme of fertility of a district, which also bears the proud 
distinction of "the garden spot of the world." But why our rich grass is 
called "blue" when it never is blue, is one of the unsolved problems. It 
is always green, except when in bloom, when the heads have a brownish- 
purple tint. If, however, the term "Blue Grass" is meant for an abbrevia- 
tion of blue limestone grass, then it will do, for certainly it only reaches 
it highest perfection on our wonderful blue limestone soil. Propagated 
without cultivation, it comes up thick and juicy early in the spring, ripens 
in June, renews its growth in autumn, and, retaining its verdure in spite 
of snow and ice, furnishes abundant and unequaled pasturage during the en- 
tire winter. It is believed to be indiginous. 



POPULATION AND M A.NUFACTURES. 

It is stated on scientific authority that the State of Kentucky lies in the 
center of the region now holding, and destined always to hold, the mass of 
American population. The location of Lexington in the very centre of 
population makes it therefore practically certain that manufactures from 
this city will always command the zvidest markets ivith the least carriage. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 9 

THE BLOCK HOUSE. 

The site of this quaint old pioneer structure, which stood on the south- 
west corner of Main and Mill streets^ will always be regarded with interest, 
as it is the place where the first permanent settlement of Lexington was 
made, and the scene of some of the most thrilling episodes of the days of the 
pioneers. In the spring of 1779 Colonel Robert Patterson, who had never 
forgotten the beautiful tract he had helped to name, set out from Harrods- 
-burg with a little company of adventurers "to go up and possess the land," 




and about the beginning of April they erected the now noted block house. 
This lonely little outpost, which was watched by the Indians with unrelenting 
hatred, and which often sheltered the celebrated Daniel Boone, was conse- 
crated by suffering and blood, and its founder. Colonel Patterson, who was 
also the founder of Cincinnati and Dayton, figured in many of the most 
perilous and romantic incidents which adorn the annals of the "Dark and 
Bloody Ground." The spot vipon which the block house stood is now occu- 
pied by the Carty Building. 



HEALTH. 

The healthfulness of Lexington may be inferred from the significant 
fact that the State of Kentucky has a mortality assigned to it by the statis- 
tics of the United States census as low as eleven per thousand, which 
•seems almost incredibly small, but is borne out by the facts. 



lO (JLIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

LEXINGTON'S WATER SUPPLY. 
The water resources of Lexington are inexhaustible, and the abundance 
of its natural supply is one of the most remarkable features of the place. 
The city rests upon extensive strata of cavernous lirnestone, which abound 
with underground lakes and streams, which are easily tapped. A number of 
wells connect with these subterranean supplies. One of them (of soft water), 
on the McMurtry lot, and sixty feet deep, was provided with a large steam 
pump, which was in constant operation eighteen hours per day for many years>- 
Avithout perceptably reducing the supply. Another at the Lunatic Asylum 
was sunk about a hundred feet, when the augur dropped into a cavity and 
the water rose fifty feet in the bore. Two wells at the ice factory here supply 
water enough to run two engines and make tw^enty or thirty tons of ice per 
day, and the wells used by the railrond companies easily provide water suf- 
ficient for all the engines used to draw the fifty or sixty passenger and freight 
trains that daily arrive and depart at this place. The multitude of large and 
copious springs in and about the city still lurther indicate the extent oi our 
subterranean water resources. It is from springs that all our extensive dis- 
tilleries get their waier supply, each of them using 200,000 gallons daily, to 
say nothing of the amount used by malt houses, dairies and other industries. 
The capacity of some of these springs is wonderful. The stream from Rus- 
sell Cave Spring has sufficient volume to turn a mill. • The water that ttows 
from Davis Bottom Spring and its connecting springs is simply enormous, 
and the depth of the noted Wilson Spring, near the city, is so great that it 
has been called the "bottomless spring." It is claimed that the united capac- 
ity of Wilson's spring and the two known as "Aters" is great enough to fur- 
nish eighty- seven gallons of water a day to each of twenty thousand persons 
by the natural flow of the water and without the use of a dam. Others assert 
that an abundant supply of water, capable of indefinite augmentation, could 
be obtained close to the city by suitably collecting and storing the waters of 
Wolf's Run, its neighboring streams, the numerous and copious springs, in- 
cluding Wilson's, that feed them, and the immense amount of surface water 
supplied by winter rains and m.elting snows, that could be gathered by ex- 
cellent natural drainage in the extensive area which embraces these springs 
and streams. 

There are still others who claim that the water supply that can be ob- 
tained through surface drainage on the Wickliffe farm, in the suburbs of 
Lexington, would be ample for the whole city. It is evident from these facts 
that the water resources of Lexington are various, and inexhaustible and 
capable of a development to meet all the demands of mills, manufactories and 
progress. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. TI 

THE CARTY BUILDING, 

{Site of the Block House,) 

On the southwest corner of Main and Mill streets attracts the attention 

of visitors and strangers, as the site of the famous block house where 

the settlement of Lexington commenced, and as the seat of the Commercial 

College of Kentucky University and of the Young Men's Christian Asso- 




ciation. The flourishing Commercial College with its two large halls 
corps of teachers, and crowds of pupils, furnishes one of the most animated 
sights of the city. Over three hundred voung men from twenty-two States 
have graduated from this College in eleven months. It claims the largest 
attendance of any institution of its kind in the West or South; is the only 
Business College connected with a chartered University of note and high 
standing and the only one whose halls are especially designated for instruc- 



12 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON". 

'tion in all departments of Business Education. E. W. Smith, Principal; 
Wilbur R. Smith, President. 

The Young Men's Christian Association which freely and cordially 
invites visitors and strangers to share its benefits and hospitalities, occupies 
a large and handsomely furnished hall on the second floor of this building. 
It has a library, many newspapers on file, magazines, and popular periodi- 
cals, and is a "live" institution. President, R. S. Bullock; General Secre- 
tary, C. S. Ward; Maj. H. B. McClellan, W. R. Milward, R. H.Courtney, 
A.J.Campbell, Wilbur R. Smith and others are also officially connected 
Avith it. 

The Schools of Telegraphy and Phonography, drug establishment of 
H. H. Barnes & Co. ; dental office of Dr. J. T. Hervey, and Cohen's cloth- 
ing store are in this building. 



THE OLD FORT, 

{See Frontispiece) 
Which comprised the whole of Lexington a hundred years ago, included 
the block house and the cabins of the early settlers, which were gradually 
connected with it as a defense against the Indians. The block house, which 
had formerly stood alone, had become in 1782 only one angle of the fort 
which rude, but powerful fortification, embraced a large part of Main street, 
between Mill and Broadway, now covered by business houses. It was once 
•surrounded by Colonel Bjn-d and his swarming bands of savage allies ; was 
<t\\Q favorite retreat of General George Rogers Clarke, the "Napoleon of the 
West ;" and was the rendezvous of many a sudden expedition against the 
murdering red -skins. Its garrison aided in the defense of Bryant's Station 
when it was besieged by the Indians under the notorious Simon Girty ; en- 
dured the horrors of the famous "winter of starvation," and shared in the ter- 
rible disaster of the Blue Licks, which left so many widows and orphans 
-within its walls. After this last-named massacre an Indian, who had skulked 
behind the savage army to plunder the bodies of the slaughtered whites, was 
killed by one of the Lexington garrison, and the settlers, burning with indig- 
nation and wild with grief over their great calamity, mounted his head upon 
a pole, which they planted upon the roof of the block house. It was from 
this fort that Boone made one of his most remarkable rifle shots, killing an 
Indian who, on the site of the present jail, was kneeling to scalp a settler he 
liad wounded. Tragedies, bloody afllictions and thrilling adventures were 
of almost daily occurrence about the old fort, and the hardships and the suf- 
ferings of the Puritans of Plymouth were fully equaled by the early settlers 
of Lexington. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



IS" 



MORRISON COLLEGE, 

This remarkable building, which stands in the extensive campus at the 
head of Mill and Market streets, rarely fails to attract the attention of the 
intelligent stranger, as it was for many years the seat of famous old' 
Transylvania University, which acquired it through the liberality of Col, 
James Morrison, a wealthy citizen of Lexington, and a munificent patron of 
letters. Transylvania University was the first institution of learning estab- 
lished in the West, having been chartered by the Legislature of Virginia as 




early as 17S0, and. General Washington, John Adams and Aaron Burr con- 
tributed to its endowment. It subsequently attained great prominence and 
influen ce. Its name was respected throughout America, and its celebrity' 
extended to Europe. It vas visited by President Monroe, General Jackson^ 
Lafajette and Daniel Webster. Among those who filled its chairs may be 
mentioned Henry Clay, one of its law professors; Dr. Holly, its most brilli- 
ant President, Rafinesque, the eminent Scientist, and Dr. Ben. Dudley, the 
celebrated surgeon. The Confederate ex-President, Jefferson Davis, was a 
pupil of Transylvania, and in the long list of its distinguished graduates occur 
the names of William T Rairy, Richard M. Johnson, lohn Rowan, Thomas- 
F. Marshall and Richard H. Menifee. It was in the chapel of Morrison. 



14 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

College that Henry Clay was admitted to the communion of the Episcopal 
Church, which was then temporarily occupying it. In 186:; Transylvania 
was merged in Kentucky University, which was founded by John B, Bowman, 
who was for many jears its regent, and Morrison College is now the seat 
of that well known and ably-equipped institution. Kentucky University 
consists of four colleges; is under the auspices and control of the Christian 
Church, and is steadily progressing, with Dr. C. L. Loos as President. 
Rich in historic associations, in a splendid condition financially, and pro- 
vided with a corps of first-class instructors, Kentucky University is an edu- 
cational attraction destined to draw increasing numbers of young men to 
her classic halls, and no city in the Union welcomes earnest students more 
heartily than Lexington. 



BRYANT'S STATION 



Celebrated as the place where, in 1782, occurred one of the most remarkable 
sieges recorded in the history of savage warfare, is about five miles northeast 
of Lexington, and is quickly reached by the Kentucky Central Railroad or 
by turnpike. Here a handful of j^ioneere., with desperate bravery and after 
man>' thrilling experiences, successfully defended the rude station of a hun- 
dred years ago against six hundred Indians under the able leadership of the 
notorious renegade, Simon Girty. The noted spring, around which the sav^- 
ages concealed themselves, and where the heroic women of the garrison faced 
a horrible death to obtain the water tiiat saved the fort, still pours forth a 
grateful stream. The site of the old station is luimistakabie, and the graves 
of some of its defenders can still be seen. 



GRATZ PARK, 

A perfect little gem of a place for public recreation, established through the 
■efforts of Mr. H. H. Gratz, of the Kentucky Gazette, is between Second and 
Third Streets, fronting Morrison College. It is classic ground, being the 
original site of Transylvania University; the home of its distinguished Pres- 
ident, Dr. Holly; the place where Jefferson Davis played and studied as a 
school boy, and the scene of memorable events in which figured many of 
the noted characters of this country and of Europe. The old well in this 
park, from which Lafayette drank, was dug for the University about ninety 
years ago by John R. Shaw, the famous water wizard, and the most excen- 
tric and unfortunate character known to early Lexington. The Park was 
named in honor of our highly esteemed fellow-citizsn, the venerable Ben- 
jamin Gratz, Esq. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTOX. 



15 




SKETCHED B\ 



THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 

This church, Rev. W. F. V. Bartlett, pastor, is a new and handsome 
structure, with a tall and graceful spire, located on North Mill street, be- 
tween Second and Church streets. The Presbyterians organized the first 
church established in Lexington, and 18S4 is the centennial year of its ex- 
istence. Colonel Robert Patterson, the founder of Lexington, was a mem- 
ber of this congregation, Avhich first worshipped in a rude log cabin, on the 
southeastern corner of Walnut and Short, and he and other members fre- 
quently attended services with rifles in their hands, for the Christian pioneer 
of a hundred years ago had to literally "watch" (for Indians) as well as 
"pray." The earliest pastor of the church was the talented, but eccentric, 
Adam Rankin, who died while en route to the city of Jerusalem. Dr. James 
Blythe, a President of 1 ransylvania University ; Rev. W. L. McCalla, Chap- 
lain of the Navy of the Republic of Texas ; Rev. Nathan Hall, the powerful 



l6 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

exhorter, and the able divine, Dr. R. J. Breckinridge, were pastors of this 
church. 

The Second Presbyterian Church — Rev. George P. Wilson, pas- 
tor — is located on the east side of Market street, between Second and Church 
streets. It was for a time called "McChord Church," in honor of its firs 
pastor, the able, scholarly and eloquent James McChord, whose remains are ' 
interred beneath the pulpit. Dr. John C. Young, late President of Centre 
College, and Dr. Robert Davidson, author of the "History of the Presbyte- 
rian Church in Kentucky," were pastors of this church. The interior of the 
building is charming for its symmetry and elegance. 



THE LEXINGTON LIBRARY. 

Located on the corner of Market and Church Streets, is the oldest institu- 
tion of its kind in the Western country, having been founded in 1795. ^^ ^s 
more remarkable for the character than the number of the books it contains, 
abounding as it does in early and rare editions of works now scarcely at- 
tainable elsewhere for any consideration. Here the tourist can see the 
quaint old files of "The Kentucke Gazette," the first newspaper ever pub- 
lished in Kentucky, and the second one printed west of the Alleghany 
Mountains. It was established in Lexington by John Bradford in 17S7 
while this city was a frontier station, before Cincinnati was founded, and 
while this State was still a part of Virginia. Librarian, Miss Carrie 

Le win SKI. 



WOOLEN MILLS. 

Lexington presents an inviting field for the establishment of woollen 
mills, as she is the centre of a district which produces five or six million 
pounds of wool annually, and has but two factories, and they with limited 
capacity devoted entirely to the production of jeans, yarns and hosiery. 
Our grades of wool are principally quarter blood, medium, and Cotswold 
combings, with some fine Southdown, all of which, owing to the smoothness 
and culture of our lands and the large extent of clean blue -grass pasturage, 
is generally in superior condition. The shrinkage of our wool is much less 
than that of many other localities, and in the important item of price brings 
about the average of good Ohio wool. Men of enterprise, trained and ex- 
perienced in this branch of industry, and with capital to- back their skill, 
are badly needed here, and would be most cordially welcomed. Hundreds 
of looms should be in operation in Lexington turning out flannels, carpets, 
knit goods, blankets, satinets, cassimeres, and every variety of coatings and 
suitings. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



17 




THE NEW COURT HOUSE. 

[Its Memorable Site], 

This handsome building is now in process of erection in the centre of 
the public squa'-e, a spot that has been a Court House site for nearly a hun- 
dred years, and where many events of historic interest have occurred. In 
the stone Court House erected here in 17S8 those two great political leaders, 
John Pope and Felix Grundy hotly discussed the merits of Federalism, and 
from its steps in 1794 Gen. James Wilkinson, afterwards Commander in 
Chief of the American Army, called for volunteers for Wayne's campaign 
against the Indians. A quaint old edifice erected in 1S06 preceded the one 
now being built, and was rich in associations. In this house, in the summer 



l8 GUIDE TO LEXIXGTON. 

of 1807, took place the examining trial of the accomplished, but unfortunate, 
Blannerhassett, who had just been arrested in Lexington for complicity in 
the celebrated Burr conspiracy, and within its walls Clay and Barry, Wick- 
liffe and Menifiee, Tom, Marshall, Gen. Breckinridge, and a host of other 
distinguished orators made some of their most eloquent efforts. Amos 
Kendall, the right hand man of "Old Hickory," qualified as an attorney in 
this building. On its bench sat Judge Bledsoe, one of the most remarkable 
men of his day, and there, for the last time, pleaded the great lawyer, Joe 
Daviess, just before he fell so gallantly in the battle of Tippecanoe. Vol. 
unteers for the war of 1S12 marched around it when they started for the 
bloody field of Raisin; "John Morgan's men" camped about it fifty years 
afterwards; its old bell rung a peal of triumph over the victory of Buena 
Vista, and often sounded the tocsin of alarm during the late terrible struggle 
between the States. The old house was once saved from destruction by fire 
by Confederate soldiers, when the city was held by General E. Kirby Smith. 
The new Court House fitly indicates the new era of progress upon which 
the old city has entered. The weather-beaten monument standing near the 
Court House was erected nearly half a centurv ago to a distinguished citizen 
of Lexington and Democratic leader, William T. Bari-y, who was succes- 
sively United States Senator, PooLmaster General, and Minister to Spain. 



LEXINGTON'S PROGRESS. 

At no time in fifty years has t lis city increased so rapidlj- in population 
as at present, and at no equal pjriod have there been so many buildings 
erected. The demand for business houses and residences is large and un- 
abaung, the mechanics are all bu y, a strong feeling in favor of the establish- 
ment and fostering of manufactories exists, new and substantial enterprises 
have been successfully inaugurated, and the once sleepy city is waking up 
and rapidly imbibing the spirit and push of a three-year old Western town- 



RESIDENCES AND MERCHANDISE. 
There are two features of Lexington that continually attract the atten- 
tion of strangers — one is the size and elegance of the private residences and 
the tasteful profusion of flowers and shrubbery about them, and the other 
is the superior quality of the goods on sale in the stores. There is probably 
no place of its size in this country whose trade requires a finer line of mer- 
chandise than Lexington. An immense amount of the most elegant and 
expensive kinds of dry goods, fiu-niture, carpets, jewelry, pianos, clothing, 
table ware &c , is disposed of annually. Both features named indicate the 
culture and the wealth of the community. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



19 



THE BIRTHPLACE OF WESTERN MASONRY. 

The Masonic Hall, on the corner of Short and Walnut streets, is an ob- 
ject of interest to strangers of the "mystic tie" from the fact that it occupies 
the spot upon which was established the first lodge of Freemasons organized 
in the now mighty empire of the West. This lodge, originally called "No. 
25," but afterward named "No, i," was chartered by the Grand Lodge of 
Virginia on the 17th of Nov^ember, 1788, while Lexington was only a little 
frontier post of the Old Diminion and Cincinnati nothing but a howling wil- 




' Ti ' ii ' i i! i i ' ' T ii in i ni ' i inii nr'ti i M iiiii rr n' Brr fl ff v rim ' iiv 'i miffl*rflffl^ 

<derness Its oiigmal charter, yellow with age, is still to be seen in this city- 
Colonel Joe Daviess, one of the ablest lawyers of his time, and the prose, 
cutor of Aaron Burr, was a member of this lodge, and was the Grand Mas- 
ter of Kentucky when he fell in the battle of Tippecanoe, November 7th, 
181 1, and an imposing funeral ceremonial was performed in his honor by the 
Grand Lodge at its meeting in Lexington the following summer. The pres- 
ent hall was used as a military hospital during the late war between the 
States. (See list of Masonic lodges). 

RUSSELL'S CAVE, 
Situated about six miles north of Lexington, on the Russell road, is an ob- 
ject of worthy of attention, as is also the region about it. In J:his pictur- 
esque locality the tourist can not only observe the singular spectacle of a cave 
from which issues a subterranean stream of sufficient volume to turn a mill, 
but he can inspect the remains of a circular fort attributed to the Mound 
Builders, the mysterious race which preceded the Indians ages ago in the 
unknown past of America. 



20 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

ELMENDORF STUD FARM. 

{Late '' Preak7iess" Stud.] 

This well-known farm, the property of Mr, D. Swigert, is situated on 
the waters of North Elkhorn, six miles from Lexington on the Maysville 
pike, and comprises 544 acres in grass. Its fine barns, paddocks and lots 
give accommodations to a stud of eighty-five thoroughbred mares and four 
thoroughbred stallions, including Prince Charlie, the famous English race- 
horse just bought and imported, and the winner of twenty-five races; Vir- 
gil, sire of Hindoo, one of the best racers America has ever known; Imp. 
Glenelg, sire of the noted mare, Ferida, and Lever, the sire of Mahlstick, 
Apollo, &c. There are more Lexington and Australian mares in this stud 
than in any other establishment in the world. This stud breeds and sell & 
annually by auction all produce as yearlings. At the last sale forty-four 
thoroughbred yearlings realized $47,930. At the next annual sale, which 
occurs in May, 1884, forty-seven yearlings will be sold to the highest bidder 
and Elmendorf will be the point of attraction for buyers from many parts of 
the country. Mi-. Swigert's post-office is Muir, Fayette Co , Ky. 



NEWSPAPER OFFICES. 



Press (Daily and Weekly), by H. T. Duncan, Cheapside. 
Transcript (Daily and Weekly), by D. E. Caldwell, corner Upper and 
Church. 

Evening News (Daily and Weekly), by T. A. Flannelly, in Odd Fel- 
lows' Temple, East Main street. 

Kentucky Advertiser (Daily and Weekly), by I C. Montfort, East Main,, 
nearly opposite Phcenix Hotel. 

Kentucky Gazette (Semi-Weekly and Weekly), by H. H. Gratz, Cheap- 
side. 

Live Stock Record (Weekly), bv B. G. Bruce, Jordan's Row. 

Observer (Sunday), by J. O. Hodges, Jr., Main, between Upper and 
Limestone. • 

Apostolic Times (Religious Weekly), by B. H. Cozine, Market, between 
Short and Church. 

Hamilton College Monthly, college building, Broadway. 

Kentucky Republican (Weekly), by H. Scroggins (colored), East Vine.. 



GUIDE TO LEXIXGTOX 







SCOTT'S BLOCK, 

( Si'ie of tlie first capUol of Kentucky), 
Stands on the east side of Main street, between Mill and Broadway, and oc- 
cupies the site of a two-story log house of the regular old pioneer type, in 
which, on the fourth of June, 1792, commenced the first session of the Ken- 
tucky Legislature and the organization of the State Government. On the 
sixth of June both houses assembled in the Senate chamber of the State 
House, and at twelve o'clock Governor Shelby entered and delivered his mes- 
sage in person, preceded and followed by courtly courtesies, which were in 
striking contrast with the simple surroundings of the backwoods settlement. 
The next year the State Capitol was removed to Frankfort, much to the in- 
dignation of Lexington, which was then the most important town on the 
frontier. It is confidently expected by many that the central location of Lex- 
ington, her extensive railroad communications, fine hotel facilities, and other 
important advantages, will cause her to become again the capital of the State. 



22 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

A CHANCE FOR MECHANICS. 

Competent and reliable mechanics are offered many and strong induce- 
ments to settle in Lexington. The city is growing rapidly, having progressed 
more in the past two years than in any previous ten in half a century. 
There is plenty of work to do and wages are good. Here industrious work- 
men are not compelled to crowd their families into the teeming upper stories 
of health -destroying hives with neither privacy nor domestic liberty, to con- 
sort with disease and vice in a stifling atmosphere of foul courts and narrow 
streets. The miserable eastern tenement-house system, is practically un- 
known and unnecessary'. Here, where there is plenty of room for all, the 
mechanic can have his family in a one story cottage, with yard and reasonable 
conveniences, at as cheap a rate, everything considered^ as the rent asked 
for the inferior tenement homes abounding in crowded cities. Building lots- 
in the suburbs can be bought cheap, and building lumber can be obtained at 
nearly half the price asked in eastern markets. Good coal is low priced 
here the whole year round ; the necessaries of life are abundant and sell at 
reasonable i-ates; the city schools which are finely conducted offer all their 
advantages free of charge; benevolent orders are numerous and in good 
condition; the mild climate admits of open air labor throughout the year; 
the healthfulness of the city is one of its special characteristics; churches- 
and Sunday-schools abound, and a cordial invitation to come and settle 
among us is extended to all worthy and thrifty mechanics, no matter what 
their nationality, religious creed, or political opinions. 



SUBURBAN ATTRACTIONS. 



No stranger can do justice to Lexington and vicinity without inspecting 
her suburban attractions. These are quickly reached by superb turnpikes- 
which extend from the Blue Grass Capitol in every direction, affording the 
visitor exhilarating drives past noted old places, and woodlands and blue 
grass pastures; by farms famous for their yields of corn, and wheat, and 
hemp, and tobacco, and through scenes of pastoral beauty and fertility that 
would lend a grace even to the noted landscapes of Old England. Stables, 
and paddocks, and training tracks, and flocks, and herds, meet the eye on. 
every hand, reminding the tourist that he is in the midst of a region, which, 
for stock raising, is unsurpassed upon the face of the earth — a superiority 
derived from the limestone formation underlying the soil, which is at once 
the greatest gift, and the most striking peculiarity of the blue grass country. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



23 



ASHLAND, 

The home of Henrj Clay, and one of our national shrines, is on the Rich- 
mond road, just bejond the city limits. With it the tourist is never disap- 
pointed, for not only are its natural charms equal to its historic associations, 
but the general appearance of the old homestead is substantially the same 
as during the lifetime of "the Great Commoner." The locust avenue, the 
favorite walk of Mr. Clay ; the catalpas which he planted, and which bowed 
over him when he was borne to his last resting place; the dairy used by 




Mrs. Clay for half a century; the old negro cabins, and the pigeon houses 
are still as they were when the great orator swayed multitudes with his 
wonderful eloquence. The beautiful woodwork of the family residence was 
made from the ash trees which grew upon t'^e farm and gave the place its 
very appropriate name. Mr. Clay once ^aill of his Blue Grass home, "I 
occupy as good a farm as Moses would have found had he reached^ the 
Promised Land, and Ashland has been acquired not bv hereditary descent, 
but by my own labor." Here the afterwards distine^uished Amos Kendall 
started in life as the tutor of the children of the eminent statesman, who had 
himself been at one time only "the mill-boy of the slashes." Here were 



24 GLIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

entertained with simple, but abundant, hospitality, Daniel Webster, the Earl 
of Derbj', General Bertrand, Harriet Martineau, Van Buren, and a host of 
others equally noted. Here, in the summer of 1S47, the worn and disap- 
pointed leader was baptized according to the forms of the Episcopal Church, 
and here, on the lothof July, 1S52, amid the sables of woe, the tolling of bells, 
the sad booming of minute guns, and surrounded by a vast concourse of 
sorrowing friends, his weary body rested for the last time before it was en- 
tombed. During the late war a part of Ashland was the scene of one of 
John Morgan's sudden dashes, in which he surpijseJ and captured a Federal 
command. In 1866 the place was sold to Kentucky University, which 
recently disposed of it to Maj. H. C. McDowell, whose wife is a grand- 
daughter of Mr. Claj'. The farm of John M. Clay, Esq., the only surviving 
child of "Harry of the West," adjoins Ashland, of which it was a part in his 
father's lifetime. 



A LOCATION FOR TOBACCO FACTORIES. 

It would be hard to exaggerate the claims of Lexington as a place for 
the location of tobacco factories. In the first place, she is in the very heart 
of the greatest tobacco growing State in the Union. In 1S80, out of a total 
of 473,107,573 lbs. of tobacco, Kentucky produced 171,121,134 lbs., and the 
plant is being so extensively cultivated around this city that the averages for 
1883 will be at least double that of any preceding year, giving the .Blue 
Grass Region the largest yield per acre of any part of the United States, 
and showing that it is destined to be the leading tobacco district of the world. 
The White Burley, which is so successfully and profitably raised here, is 
especially adapted to plug and cutting manufacture, and thus strongly com- 
mends itself to enterprising men with an eye to business. The prospects of 
a future market are flattering. The crop of the whole country for this year 
being 18,000 hhds. less than crops of the three years preceding, the crude 
tobacco will be valuable next season, and the scarcity of goods will increase 
the profits of the manufacturing interests There is no obstacle of any kind 
whatev^er to the successful establishment and profitable conduct of tobacco 
factories at this place, for we have the crude material, water, cheap fuel, 
cheap labor, and all the railroad facilities necessary for transportation, and 
they would be welcomed, as aftbrding opportunities for the employment of 
unoccupied boys, whose time could thus be made valuable, as hand labor 
s the thing most needed in such factories. A little energy on the part of 
capitalists would make Lexington celebrated for her chewing and smoking 
tobacco, and give employment to several thousand men and boys. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON, 




THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. 



This commodious edifice is located on Short street, west of Spring 
It occupies a memorable spot, for it stands in the midst of the first burying- 
ground of the early settlers of Lexington, where rest the ashes of pioneers 
slain by the Indians when this cit\' was a mere stockade in the savage wil- 
derness. There was an infant congregation of Baptists in Lexington as early 
as 1786, and it enjoved the ministrations of the noted Elder Lewis Craig, who 
was imprisoned in \'irginia for preaching contrary to law, and who, in 1783, 
organized a Baptist Church at South Elkhorn, near this city, which was the 
first worshipping assembly of any kind established in Kentucky. 

The Upper Street Baptist Church — Rev. J. J. Taylor, Pastor — 
Stands on the corner of Upper and Church streets. This tasteful building 
was dedicated in 1877. 



26 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

First Baptist (colored). Rev. S. P. Young,. Pastor, corner Dewees 
and Short streets. 

Evergreen Baptist (colored), Rev. John Morgan, Pastor, Market 
street, between Seventh and corporation line. 

Independent Baptist (colored). Rev. Evans, Pastor, corner Main 
and Merino. 

Pleasant Green Baptist (colored). Rev. Morris Bell, Pastor, cor- 
ner Maxwell and Lower. 

Engine House, Baptist, (colored), Rev. James Parrish, Pastor, Lime- 
stone, between High and Water. 



THE COLORED PEOPLE AND NEGRO JAILS. 

The negroes of Lexington, light hearted, careless and numerous, and 
with their peculiar characteristics of speech and manner, are always a nov- 
elty to strangers unused to the race. Such visitors could not witness a much 
more striking sight than a parade by a colored secret society of this city 
but if he would more closely observe these remarkable people he should at- 
tend services in one of their handsome churches (see lists elsewhere), and 
visit their crowded schools and unique settlements. The colored agricultu- 
ral association here is a success and a credit to the race. In ante-bellum 
days there were several negro trading establishments in Lexington which 
were provided with jails and auction rooms where slaves were kept for sale 
and hire. Three of these houses were in the neighborhood of the present 
Post- Office. One was on the site of Lell's Hall, and was used during the 
war as a Federal Provost Marshall's office, and another on Broadway, now 
occupied by physicians, became a Confederate hospital. 



HIGH BRIDGE. 

A ride of thirty minutes over the Cincinnati Southern Railway brings 
the traveler to the Kentucky River, and to the highest pier bridge in the 
world, the rails being two hundred and seventy-six feet above the bed of the 
stream. This marvel of engineering skill is well placed, for it stands in the 
midst of some of the grandest and most picturesque scenery on this conti- 
nent. The towering cliffs, the battlemehted crags, the hoary rocks, and 
splendid foliage, and the awful canon, through which deep down the beautiful 
river runs, make up a scene so full of natural charms as to require no artifi- 
cial attractions, such as embellish the Hudson, to excite the unbounded 
admiration of the beholder. 



28 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON". 

THE FAIR GROUNDS. 

The splendid grounds of the Kentucky Agricultural and Mechanical 
Association, with their noble forest trees, picturesque buildings and fine 
drives and views, are just within the suburban limits of South Broadway, and 
are readily reached by tne street cars. The spacious "Crescent," or Grand 
Stand, will hold ten thousand people, the trotting track is not surpassed by 
any on this continent, and the floral hall, reception rooms, and stabling facil- 
ities are first-class. The Fair always commences about the last of August 
and is one of the most important and successful in this country. Its im- 
mense crowds, magnificent live stock, and superb aggregation of all the 
important products and attractions of the Blue Grass Region afford the 
tourist his best chance to not only see for himself whether the much-vaunted 
resources of this fertile district are overestimated, but to observe old Ken- 
tucky life and manners in one of its most charming and animated phases. 
The Fair is located in the center of the finest stock-raising region on the 
globe, and i: is no idle boast to say that its displays of thoroughbred race 
horses, fast trotters, pure-bred Short-horn and Alderney cattle, Southdown 
and Cotswold sheep, superior hogs and other live stock, are the grandest to 
be seen in this country. The first importation of improved stock to this re- 
gion was made as early as 17S5, and horse and cattle shows were held at 
Lexington before the commencement of the present century. The Presi- 
dent of the Association is W. H. Gentrv ; Secretarv, H. P. Kinkead. 



RAILROAD DEPOTS. 



Big Sandy (Chesapeake and Ohio), rear of Phoenix Hotel 

Kentucky Central, rear of Phoenix Hotel. 

Louisville, Cincinnati and Lexington (Louisville and Nashville), corner 
Mill and Water streets. 

Cincinnati Southern (C, N. O. and T P.), South Broadway. 

The road now known as the "Louisville, Cincinnati and Lexington" was 
chartered as the "Lexington and Ohio," and enjoys the distinction of being- 
the first railroad built in the West, and one of the first built-in America. It 
was incorporated January 27th, 1S30. The strap iron rails were soldered to 
stone sills, which were laid lengthwise. It is believed that the first locomo- 
tive made in the United States ran over this road. It was invented by 
Thomas Barlow, of Lexington, as early as 1S27, and was also built in Lex- 
ington. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



29 




VIEW BY 



THE NORTHERN BANK OF KENTUCKY, 
This venerable and solid-looking building, with a capital of $1,8 13,900,- 
is located on the corner of Short and Market, fronting Cheapside. It was 
erected and first occupied by the Lexington branch of the United States 
Bank, and was just completed, in 1S32, when President Jackson visited the 
city. Tradition says that the irreverant old hero caught a glimpse of the 
building as he was on his way to church the Sunday after his arrival, and 
muttering "By the Eternal !" brought his cane down upon the pavement with 
a thundering rap. Shortly after this the institution, so emphatically doomed, 
ceased to exist, and the Northern Bank, established in 1835, wound up the 
concern. The "old Northern," which has for so many years been noted 
throughout the Union for its able management, prosperity and high charac- 
ter, has been for a quarter of a century under the presidency of the distin- 
guished Madison C. Johnson, and for nearly half a century has profited by 
his sagacity as director. The name of this profound jurist and financier is- 
inseparably connected with the Northern Bank. It is his monument. 



30 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

PUBLIC BUILDINGS AND PROMINENT PLACES. 

County Offices. — A new Court House being in process of erection, 
the county offices are temporarily stationed as follows, viz : Office of County 
Tudgeover Second National Bank, cor. Short and Cheapside; County Clerk, 
3n Short street, between Cheapside and Upper ; Circuit Court room and 
Circuit Clerk, in Masonic Hall, corner of Walnut and Short; Sheriff's office, 
in Court House yard, fronting Upper street. 

Postoffice. — Corner of Broadway and Short. — H. K. Milward, P. M. 

Telegraph Office (Western Union) — In Phoenix Hotel. 

Market House. — Water street, between Upper and Vine. 

County Jail — Corner Short and Limestone. 

Telephone Exchange. — Corner of Main and Cheapside. 

Watch House. — Water, between Mill and Upper. 

Orphan Asylum. — West Third street. 

St. Joseph's Hospital. — Second street, near Jefferson. 

Armory of Lexington Guards. — In Jackson Hall, corner Limestone 
and Water. 

Gas Works — West Main, near Spring 

Adams Express Company — Corner Main and Broadwav. 

Electric Light Company— No. 19 West Vine^ 

Home of the Friendless — No. 80 West Short. 

Work House — Corner Upper afid Bolivar. 

Fire Department — East Short street. 

City Dispensary — Water street, between Mill and Upper. 

St. Catherine's Academy — North Limestone. 

Christ Church Seminary — Maxwell, hear Limestone. 

Industrial School — In No. 3 City School Building, corner Mill 
and Maxwell. 

Church Home. Episcopal — Corner Walnut and Winchester. 

Catholic Cemetery — South side of West Main, at Corporation 
line. 

Presbyterian Cemetery — Sixth, between Limestone and L^pper. 

Episcopal Cemetery — North side of Third Street, West of Dewees. 

hotels. 

Phcenix — Corner Main and Limestone. 

Ashland House — Short, between Mill and Broadway. 

St. Nichola.s — East Main, near Limestone. 

Florentine — East Main, near Limestone. 

Alexander House — East Short, near Limestone. 

Fayette House — East Short, near Limestone. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



THE CLAY MONUMENT. 

The most prominent object in the Lexington Cemetery is the monu- 
ment erected in honor of Henry Clay. It is one hundred and twenty feet 
in height; is built of the beautiful limestone of this State, popularly known as 
"Kentucky marble," and consists of an elegant Corinthian column rising 
from a massive sub -base of the Egyptian style, and surmounted by a statue 
of the great orator. A marble sarcophagus in the vaulted chamber of the 



I 




monument contains the last mortal reniains of '"Harry of the West," and is 
plainly visible through the fretted door. Upon the side of the cot^n is chis- 
eled the solemn and memorable declaration of Mr. Clay made in his address 
on retiring from the United States Senate in 1S42: '"I can withunsiaken 
confidence appeal to the Divine Arbiter for the truth of the declaration that 
I have been influenced by no impure purpose, no personal motive, have 
sought no personal aggrandizement; but in all my public acts I have had 
a sole and single eye. and a warm, devoted heart, directed and dedicated to 
what in inv best judgment I belie\'ed to be the true interests of inv country." 
Another marble sarcophagus rests near that of the departed statesman and 



32 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

contains the remains of his wife, Mrs, Lucretia Clay, who survived her hus- 
band twelve years, dying in 1864, aged eighty-three. Mr. Clay's mother 
and other members of his family are buried in another part of the cemetery. 
The corner stone of this monument was laid with imposing ceremonies on 
the 4th of July, 1S57. Mr. Clay died on the 29th day of June, 1852, in the 
seventy-sixth year of his age. 

SKILLED LABOR. 
The thinking people of Lexington are warmly disposed in favor of 
sk illed labor, and are inclined to welcome with especial pleasure the estab- 
lishment of any and all manufactories employing such labor. They realize 
the fact that a large accession of skilled workmen would be one of the great- 
est blessing that could befall this city, not simply because they are necessary 
to the full development of our manufacturing interests, but because they 
make intelligent, law abiding, valuable citizens, and are capable of instruct- 
ing our boys and girls in the manifold branches of the most important 
mechanic arts. Such manufacturies would not only "pay" in a pecuniary 
sense, but they would "pay" mcst abundantlv as training schools for the 
idle and unemployed who would thus be made useful and productive mem- 
bers of the community. These are the only educational establishments that 
Lexington lacks; the kind she needs most of all ; the kind that self-preser- 
vation demands she must have, and the ones that the thoughtful and intelli- 
gent are most disposed to foster and encourage. The best people of this 
city would gladly welcome an inpouring of skilled workmen regardless of 
their politics 01 nativity. The old, silly and senseless prejudice against 
mechanical pursuits is exploded, and lingers only in the shallow pates of effemi" 
nate "dudes" and witless fops, ten thousand of whom, in the estimation of 
sensible people, are not worth one competent and thrifty workman. We 
need establishments where the children of the city, male and female, may 
learn to be self-supporting by being trained to occupations which develop 
skill, taste and talent, such as the manufacture of the various parts of watch- 
es, of optical, dental and surgical instruments, hardware, silverware, fine 
machinery, artistic pottery, fire-arms, jewelry, artificial flowers, gold leaf and' 
dental foil, chemicals, paints, musical instruments, perfumery, stationery, 
brushes, fancy goods, decorative work on glass, pottery, and textile fabrics, 
and in the prosecution of such pursuits as silver-plating, wood carving, 
bronze work, engraving, lithographing, kc. The rapidly developing South 
want!> all these things, and Lexington, right at her portals, is the very place 
for their manufacture, and the point from which they could the most easily 
be distributed. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



33 




STABLE AT FAIRLAWN. 

Fairlawn.— One of the most noted and extensive establishments in this 
country devoted to the rearing of high-bred trotting stock is Fairlawn, the 
property of Gen. W. T. Withers, at the extremity of North Broadway, and as 
such is constantly sought out by the multitude of horsemen and buyers of fine 
stock who visit Lexington. The house, with its Southern air and amplitude, the- 
picturesque lawn, and the undulating pastures and blue grass paddocks teem- 
ing with trotters, make up a sight that charms the stranger's eye. The prin- 
cipal stable, with its stained glass windows, lofty tower and complete ar- 
rangements, is one of the largest and handsomest of its kind in existence, and' 
is alone worth a visit to see. But the pre-eminent feature of Fairlawn is its- 
splendid stud, at the head of which stands the peerless "Almont 33," by Al- 
exander's Abdallah 15; dam Sallie Anderson, by Mambrino Chief 11; gran- 
dam Kate, by Pilot, Jr., 12. Twenty-one of the sons and daughters of Al- 
mont now have records of 2:30 or better, and four of them have records be- 



34 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

low 2:20. In 1SS3 Mr. W. II. Vanderbilt's team of Aldine (by Almont) 
and Maud S.. driven in wagon by Mr. V. himself, trotted in public in 2:15)^, 
the fastest double team to date. Besides Almont there can be seen at Fair- 
lawn the celebrated trottingstallions Happy Medium 400, by Rysdyk's Ham- 
bletonian; dam the noted trotting mare Princess, with seventeen of his pro- 
duce with records below 2:30 ; Aberdeen, 27, also by Rysdyk's Hambleto- 
nian ; dam the great trotting mare Widow Machree, by Seeley's American 
Star, with nine of his sons and daughters with records below 2:28)^, two 
being below 2 :2o ; and Ethan Allen 473, with six of his produce with records 
below 2:30. These great stallions, and the one hundred and twenty head 
of brood-mares owned at Fairlawn, with their numerous produce, should be 
seen bv all visitors to the Blue Grass capital. It is hardly necessary to add 
that Fairlawn trotters are sold aad shipped to all parts of the world. 



THE KENTUCKY UNION RAILWAY 

Has its headquarters on Cheapside, corner of Main street; T. J. Megibben 
President and A. G. P. Dodge Vire President. This road, which is now in 
process of construction, is destine! to exert a powerful influence for good 
upon the future growth and prosperity of Lexington, will be her shortest 
route to the unsurpasc-ed coal, iron and timber resources of our neighboring 
district of Eastern Kentucky, and will form a new trunk line to the Atlantic 
seaboard. It will bring to Lexington the natural treasures that lie almost at 
her threshold from a region called by Professor Shaler, of Harvard Univer- 
sity, '"the richest field of mineral wealth known in any country." He says 
further : "The eastern coal field of Kentucky contains 844 square miles of 
coal area more than Great Britain, nearly double that of Spain, and more 
than three times greater than that of France. Many of the coals are equal 
to, or superior to, the best Pittsburg, and the best of these contain several 
per cent, less ashes and more fixed carbon than the Youghiogheny coal. 
The cannel coal field of Eastern Kentucky probably covers an area of over 
three thousand square miles, and is much the largest known to me." Prof. 
Proctor, State Geologist, says : "In no region of the United States can iron 
be produced cheaper." Engineer W. A. Gunn, referring to the iron ores on 
this line, says : "They are considered fully equal to Lake Superior and Jron 
Mountain ores, so largely used in the North," and Engineer William Mc- 
Clov declares, "I have never seen a region where facilities for easy and cheap 
mining so greatly abound." The entire mountains on either side of Red 
River are filled with iron of the most superior quality, from which is made 
the celebrated "Red River Car Wheel Iron." There is no large mine in 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON". 



35 



the United States equal to it. Prof. Shalersavs : "The timber in the belt of 
country to be traversed hy this line constitutes the finest forest of virgin hard 
wood known to me in this country," a declaration affirmed by Mr. Gunn, 
who declares that "besides the Red River supply of timber the Kentucky- 
River region is over four times as large, and here are the finest walnut, pop- 
lar, oak, hickory, maple, ash, cherry, locust, chestnut, oak, etc., to be found 
in any country." Fine building stone, valuable lithographic stone, tile clays 
and fire clays also abound along the line of this road. The Union Railway 
■company owns about 500,000 acres of land in the rich sections above de- 
scribed, and Messrs. J. M. Thomas and Benjamin Crawford are in charge o 
the Lands Department. 




CENTENARY METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH 



This church. Rev. Wm. McAfee, Pastor, stands on the corner of B road- 
way and Church Streets. The church was organized in the centennial year 



36 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

of Methodism in this country, and was named in memory of that inter- 
esting event. The building is an ornament to the city, and though only dedi- 
cated in 1870 shelters one of our most prosperous and active congregations.. 

The Hill Strebt Methodist Church (South) — Rev. W. S. No- 
land, Pastor — is on High Street, near Upper, and has just been hand- 
somely improved. This is a memorable region to Methodists, for the first 
church built in Kentucky (1787) was erected at Masterson's Station (Dr. 
Spurr's), about five miles northwestof this city, and there also in 1790 the first 
annual State Conference was held with the noted Bishop Asbury as presiding 
officer. The Lexington Church was estsblished in 1789 by the impassioned 
and self-sacrificing Francis Poythress. The HiU Street Church was dedicated 
in 1842 by the then President of Transylvania University, the eloquent Bishop 
Bascom, of whom Henry Clay said: "He is the greatest natural orator I 
ever heard." In the rear of the building is the legendary graveyard of the 
German Lutheran Church, long since extinct, which occupied the spot 
nearly a hundred years ago. 

The Asbury Methodist Church (Colored) Rev. W. H. Evans^ 

Pastor — Water Street, west of Limestone. 

St, Paul's (Colored)— Rev. R. Whitman, Pastor— Upper Street, be- 
tween Third and Mechanic. 

Gunn's Chapel (Colored) — Rev. J. W. Thomas, Pastor — North end 
of Dewees Street. 



DICTATOR. 

One of the attractions of Lexington, to lovers of the horse, is the superb- 
trotting sire. Dictator, the head of Maj McDowc-lTs stud, at "Ashland," the 
home of Henry Clay. Dictator is the full brother of Dexter. He is- 
the sire of Jay- Eye-See, with a five-year old record of 2:14; of Phallas, with 
a six -year old stallion record of 2:15!^, and of Director, witli a six-year old* 
stallion record of 2:17. No other sire has yet produced three horses with 
records as good as 2:17; nor produced two with records below 2:16. These- 
and others of his get have shown not only wonderful speed, but more won- 
derful endurance. Although Dictator is in his twenty-first year, the price- 
paid for him was $25,000, and the opinion is that he was fully worth it. 
Kentucky could not aftord to let such a horse be taken from the State. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON, 



37 




THE CITY HALL. 



This new and extensive building occupies an entire block, between Up- 
per and Limestone, and includes the office of the Mayor, the City Council 
Chamber, Recorder's Court Room, and quarters of various city officers. The 
ground floor is used for the market. The principal officers of the City Gov- 
ernment are 

MAYOR— C. M. JOHNSON. 

COUNCIL. 

Third Ward, 
J. R. Graves. 
B.J. Treacy. 
F. Waters. 

Fourth Ward. 
John Boyd. 
John W. Berkley. 
Teddy Mehan. 



First Ward. 
James McCormick. 
W. H. May. 
Moses Kaufman. 

Second Ward. 
J. M, Graves. 
W. S. McChesney. 
Richard Garland. 



Treasurer — J. M. Tanner. 
Collector — D. D. Laudeman. 
Assessor — M. C. Foushee. 



38 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON.. 

WAR POINTS. 

Though Lexington was occupied by the Federal forces during most of 
the late war, it was repeatedly threatened by the Confederates, and fell into 
their hands no less than three times. The city, therefore, is full of asso- 
ciations of the exciting days when it was "under two flags," and there are 
but few places in it that are not connected in some waj- with mem- r;ib!e 
events and stirring deeds. Morrison College and the Masonic Hall sh-l-- 
tered hundreds of sick and wounded and d} ing soldiers The trotting ti.ck 
was the scene of several awful military executions. It was in front of the 
Phoenix Hctel that General Nelson mounted when he dashed out on his ter- 
rific ride to asi^ume command at the disastrous battle of Richmond, and the- 
same hotel was afterwards the headquarters of the Confederate Generals 
Bragg and Kirby S]iiith. Blood was shed at Ashland, where a body of Fed- 
erals were surprised and captured by John Morgan, whose headquarters 
during the Confederate occupation were in the building on Upper street in. 
which the office of the Live Stock Record is located. The site of the State 
College was a favorite camping ground of both armies. Fort Clay, erected, 
by Gen. Q^ A. Gilmore, wns on the Versailles turnpike, overlooking the 
Southern Railroad. Gen. Burbridge used as his headquarters the residence 
on the corner of Second and Upper, now occupied by At is. Dudley. Of the 
several Federal military prisons, two are conspicuous for their tragic asso- 
ciations One is the building on Water street, nearly opposite the Watch 
House, and partially cased with iron, and the other is the present jail, on the 
corner oi Short and Limestone. From both condemned Confederate sol- 
diers went forth to execution. 



CHEESE FACTORIES WANTED. 

If there is a spot on the face of the earth where factories for the making 
cheese and also condensed milk ought to succeed it is at Lexington. We 
have the finest of cows in countless numbers, the best grass in tho world,, 
and green the whole year round, and for cooling purposes have cold spring 
water in unusual abundance, and an inexhaustable ice supply. Milk can be 
had here cheaper than in the famous cheese district of New York, and of a 
quality to produce the best cheese that can be made. With sulTicient capital an. 
experienced management and hands trained to the work, success is assured. 
The same may be said of condensed milk, and as the principal market for 
that article is the South, the advantages of Lexington as a distributing point 
■will be at once preceived. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



39 




40 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

DISTANCES 

FROM LEXIN'GTON TO NEIGHBORING TOWNS, 

Lexington, being the central city and metropolis of the Blue Grass 
Region, is surrounded by tlourishing towns and interesting places, with all 
of which she is in direct and easy communication, either by her railroads or 
numerous and splendid turnpikes. The following is a list of the principal 
places near the city, and their distances froin it, viz: 

Georgetown on Cincinnati Southern Railway 12 Miles. 

Nicholasville " " " " " " 12 " 

Camp Nelson " " " " " " 18 " 

High Bridge " " " " " " 20 " 

Shakertown " " " " " " 22 " 

Harrodsburg " " " '• " " 34 " 

Danville "a u u u n 35 " 

Spring Station'- Louisville & Nashville " > . . 20 " 

Midway u 41 .t » u ii u j^ a 

Frankfort u u u u u u u 28 " 

Winchester '' Chesapeake & Ohio " 18 " 

Mt. Sterling " " " u u a a ^^ a 

Paris '• Kentucky Central " 19 " 

Cynthiana " " " '• " » 34 " 

Carlisle a a 4. u 4. a 36 " 

Richmond « a a a a u 40 " 

" " hy turnpike 26 " 

Versailles a a 12 " 

Harrodsburg •' " 35 " 

No drives leading out from Lexington afford the tourist finer views of 
grand and picturesque scenery than the macadamized roads to Harrodsburg 
and Richmond. The site of Boonesboro, the famous fort established by 
Daniel Boone, in 1775, and which was attacked three times by the Indians, 
and whose thrilling and romantic experiences have been so often celebrated 
in story and in song, is on the Kentucky river, in Madison county, and is 
most conveniently reached by way of Winchester, from which it is only 
nine miles distant by turnpike. 



IRON ORE AND CHEAP COAL. 

Thousands of car loads of iron ore of the best quality annually pass 
through Lexington for distant points. Every pound of it ought to stop right 
here and be manufactured into locomotives, car wheels, boilers, store fronts, 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. Al 

hollow ware, castings and everything that is made of iron. We can furnish 
manufacturers with good lump coal, delivered at S^ cents per bushel, No. 
-2 nut at 8 cents, and slack at 3 cents, which is as cheap as it can be had at 
Louisville or Cincinnati, and our nearness to the mines cuts off a big item in 
the shape of freight charges and transportation. We need works and shops 
for the manufacture of iron int.) a hundred shapes, and Lexington offers one 
of the best fields in the West or South for their location. 




THE CONFEDERATE MONUMENT 

Is an object of interest to strangers. It stands in the Lexington Cemetery, 
and was erected by the Southern ladies of this city to the memory of the 
Confederate soldiers whose graves surround it. Frank Leslie's Illustrated 
Newspaper said of it: 'This monument, though excelled by others in size 
is probably the most perfect thing of its kind in the South, and viewed under 
the influence of its surroundings and associations, presents a picture which 
challenges criticism. In the midst of several concentric circles of soldiers' 



42 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

graves rises a rockj mound, upon which, represented in pure Carrara mar- 
ble, stands the solitary trunk of a blasted tree, which, with its two naked 
arms, looms boldly up against a background of green elms and pines in the 
form of a natural cross. Resting against the rugged base is a nameless 
scroll and a broken sword, and clustered about them are luxuriant Southern 
foliage and vines. Planted at the foot of the cross is the shivered staff, 
which once upheld the Conquered Banner; but the flag has fallen to rise no 
more, and its stricken folds, caught by the arms of the cross, but with the 
stars and bars still showing, droop as lifeless as the martial forms which 
are moldering around. This monument exhibits in its design one of the 
highest qualities of true art, for it tells its own story — the tragic story of the 
Lost Cause — without the use of a single word upon its front. It is a poem 
in stone." 



BANKS. 

Not the least of the inducements ofl^ered bj Lexington, to responsible 
parties, to locate in the city, are the abundant facilities its banks give for 
the transaction of business. There are eight prosperous b.-nks in Lexing- 
ton, representing a capital and surplus of between three and four millions 
of dollars. They are located as follows, viz: 

David A. Sayre & Co., (private,) E. D. Sayre, Sr., and J. W. Sayre; 
N. E. corner Mill and Short. This is the oldest banking establishment in 
the city, having been' founded in 1823, by the late David A. Sayre. The 
house was built by U. S. Senator John Pope, the distinguished one. armed 
competitor of Mr. Clay. 

Northern Bank of Kentucky, (State), M. C. Johnson, president; 
W. D. Boswell, cashier; corner Market and Short. Capital .$1,813,900, 

First National Bank, A. S Winston, president; Thos. Mitchell, 
cashier; Short, between Market and Upper. Capital .$400,000. 

Second National Bank, D. H. James, President; W. D. Nicholas, 
cashier; corner Cheapside and Short. Capital $100,000, 

Third National Bank, J. W. Berkley, president; O. Lee Bradley, 
cashier; corner Short and Upper, (late Grinstead & Bradley's Bank). 
Capital $100,000. 

Lexington City National Bank, R. P. Stoll, president; James M. 
Graves, cashier; corner Main and Cheapside. Capital $200,000. 

Fayette National Bank, Squire Bassett, president; R. S. Bullock, 
cashier; corner Main and Upper. Capital $300,000. 

National Exchange Bank, J. B. Wilgus, president; W. Bright, 
cashier; Main near Mill. Capital $100,000. 




, [ij, I 



44 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

HAMILTON FEMALE COLLEGE. 
This institution occupies an elevated site on North Broadway, near 
Fourth, and is noticeable, not only from the fact that it is one of the most 
flourishing female schools in the Mississippi Valley, but for the character of 
its general equipment. The large four-story building, which contains over 
a hundred apartments, is provided with music halls, a chapel, gymnasium, 
laboratory, &c.; is warmed bv steam, lighted with gas, and is supplied with 
hot and cold water, bathing facilities, and other comforts and conveniences. 
The faculty which is very full and able, is composed of fifteen members, with 
the experienced and efficient Prof. J. T. Patterson as President, and the 
institution is under the control and patronage of the Christian Church. It 
is a home as well as a first-class school. The College was named in honor 
of Mr, William Hamilton, of Woodford County, Ky., who donated $10,000 
to it; and thus entered the list of Lexington's public benefactors, who, like 
Morrison, have helped to make this city one of the greatest educational 
points in this country. 



A HINT TO MANUFACTURERS. 

The attention of parties seeking a location for manufacturing enterprises 
is called to the important fact that Lexington is a railroad centre; that sixty 
or seventy passenger and freight trains arrive and depart here daily, and 
that quick and easy communication is had with all parts of the country. 
Especial stress is laid upon the fact that we have three competing lines to 
the South, which is so rapidly advancinij in population, wealth and enter- 
prise, and is already one of the finest markets for manufactured articles in 
the world. Enormous resources of raw material for manufacturing are 
right at Lexington's door; we have inexhaustable supplies of the cheapest 
and best coal on the market, and our facilities for distributing manufactured 
goods at low rates through a vast Southern territory are unsurpassed. 
These are not mere sounding assertions, but facts that will bear investiga- 
tion. The distinguished Prof. Shaler, of Harvard University, says on this 
point: 

"There are few agricultural regions of this country where so large a 
proportions of the products are calculated to furnish eastward freights. This 
region is naturally well fitted to become the seat of those extensive indus- 
tries that require wood and iron for their basis; as, for instance, the manu- 
facturing of Agricultural Implements, Railway Cars, Carriages, Wagons, 
«tc. Kentucky offers unsurpassed advantages for the creation of industries 
— the widest markets with the least carriasre." 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



45 








ST. PAUL'S CHURCH, (ROMAN CATHOLIC.) 

This imposing structure, Rev. Ferdinand Brossart, Pastor, is located- 
on Stiort Street, fronting Spring, and is the only church in the city pro- 
vided with a turret clock. The Catholic Church in Lexington owes its^ 
existence to the Rev. Stephen T. Badin, a native of France, and the first 
priest of his church ever ordained in this country. H^ escaped from Bor- 
deaux during the French Revolution while the Jacobins were slaughtering 
his fellow-priests, and was sent in 1794 to this city, where he labored faith- 
fully for many years. Rev. G. A. M. Elder, founder of St. Joseph's Col- 
lege, Bardstown, and Dr. Kendrick, afterwards Archbishop of Baltimore,, 
were pastors of the church here. Rev. John H. Bekkers, under whose su- 



ij.6 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

pervision St. Paul's Church was completed, sleeps under its tower, which is 
a most appropriate monument to his memory. The late Mrs. Abraham 
Lincoln was born in the house adjoining this church, and now occupied by 
Father Brossart. 

St. Peter's Church (Catholic) — Rev. Jas. Kehoe, Officiating Priest — 
Is located on Limestone Street, between Second and Third. This is the 
oldest of the two Catholic Churches, having been erected in 1837. Adjoin - 
ins: it is the Nunnerv and Academv of St. Catharine. 



KENTUCKY ASSOCIATION RACE COURSE. 

This famous race course is located at the east end of Fifth street, and 
is reached by the street cars. The grounds are kept in fine order ; the 
track and the grand stand are models of their kind ; no expense has been 
spared to make everything as convenient and complete as lovers of the turf 
could desire, and this course is now regarded as one of the handsomest in the 
UniL.id States. The Kentucky Association, organized in 1826, is the oldest 
racing club in this covmtry, and stands among the very first for reputation, 
popularity and success. Its meetings are held early in May £^nd September, 
and are always attended by great throngs of eager and excited people, hun- 
dreds of whom are from all parts of the country, for no where in the world is 
the race horse seen under more favorable auspices than right here upon his 
native blue grass, where he attains his highest development and perfection. 
The region around Lexington has been called "the Breeder's Paradise," and 
is already as renowned for the quality and quantity of its thoroughbreds as 
was classic Thessaly of old. The Kentucky Association is itself a striking 
epitome of this general character. The birthplace of "Lexington," the great- 
est race horse of his time, and the greatest sire that was ever foaled, can be 
seen from the grand stand of the Association. Grey Eagle, Asteroid, Long- 
fellow, Enquirer and a host of other kings of the turf were bred almost with- 
in hearing of its drum taps, and its old course has been the.scene of the debut 
and triumphs of the most noted horses that have figured in America for 
years. One of the "sights" of Kentucky is Lexington during race week, 
with its overflowing hotels, acres of vehicles, crowds of gesticulating sports- 
men, noisy and excited negro hackmen, and the hurrahing multitude and 
flying horses at the race course. The tourist can see and hear more "boss" 
then in one day than he ever heard before in all the days of his life. Pres- 
dentofthe Association, J. F. Robinson; Secretary, J. B. Ferguson. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTOX, 




48 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

DISTILLERIES. 

Our mammoth distilleries, which make so large a proportion of the 
finest whiskies of commerce, and which are located in the heart of the dis- 
trict, celebrated the wide world over for its production of "Old Bourbon," 
constitute another prominent feature of the suburbs. The visitors to these 
establishrrents will be impressed hy their great capacity and enormous con- 
sumption of grain, can see for himself the curious process of whisky man- 
ufacture, and may realize to some extent the magnitude of the interest in 
Kentucky, in which so many millions are invested, and from which the Gov- 
ernment derives such avast amount of revenue. The distilleries are all loca- 
ted on leading turnpikes, and the majority of them are so near the city that 
they can be reached in a ten minutes drive. 

The Henry Clay Distillery, J. E. Pepper & Co., proprietors, is on the 
old Frankfort pike, only a half mile from the city limits. 

The Ashland Distillery, Wm. Tarr & Co , proprietors, is on the same 
road, and about eighty yards from the Louisville, Cincinnati & Lexington 
railroad. 

D. A. Aikens' Distillery is near the city limits, on the line of the Big 
Sandy railroad. 

Stoll, Clay & Co.'s Distillery, at Sandersville, is two and a half miles- 
out, and on the line of the Cincinnati Southern railway. 

Woodland Distillery, Headly & Peck, proprietors, is a mile and a half 
out, on the Harrodsburg pike. 

Silver Spring Distillery, N Harris, proprietor, is six miles out, on the 
Leesburg road. 

H. D. Owings' Distillery is on the Russell pike, three and a half miles 
from the city. 



LEXINGTON'S GREAT LUMBER ADVANTAGES 

Ought to make her the seat of the most extensive manufactories of furniture, 
wagons, agricultural implements, and like articles in this country, for she is- 
the cheapest mai'ket in it for that kind of material. The best quality of clear^ 
butt-cut white oak needed for manufacturing purposes can be had here at 
$20 per thousand. It costs about double that price in Boston. Ash, such as 
is used in carriage making and farm machines, at like figures. Building oak 
$14 per thousand. Upper grades of poplar away below what is paid at 
Eastern points. Furniture, and particularly poplar furniture, can be made 
her6 cheaper than at any other place in the United States. Lexington offers 
immense advantages over Eastern and Northern cities in this line in the 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



49 



price of the raw material, and fuel, and in rents and freight rates, and as a 
distributing point for a vast stretch of Southern country can not be excelled. 
The attention of capitalists and manufacturers is especially called to these, 
significant facts which will well repay investigation. 



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MADISON HOUSE. 

( The siudent home of Jefferson Davis). 
This old building, which stands on the southwest corner of High and 
Limestone, is an object of especial interest, from the fact that it was the home 
of Hon. Jefferson Davis while he was a student at Transylvania University 
about sixty vears ago. The now aged and famous chieftain was then a slen- 
der, fair-haired youth, noted only for his unassuming manners and studious 
habits. The house, which at that time was considered quite handsome, was 
then the private residence of the postmaster, Joseph Ficklin, with whom the 
future President of the Confederate States lived during his college days. It 
is now, and has been for manv vea'-s, a boarding house. 



INTERNAL REVENUE. 

This collection district — the Seventh — of which Lexington is the head- 
quarters, augmented by the late consolidation is now not only the largest in 



so 



GUIDE TO LEXIXGTON, 



this State, but is one of the most important in the vvliole country. Its col- 
lections for the fiscal year ending June 30th, 1SS3, amounted to $1,973,863.32, 
This was before the consolidation. The collections hereafter will be im- 
mense. A. M. Svvope, Collector. Office, 2d story of Fayette National 
Bank building, corner Main and Upper. 



MANUFACTORIES. 



Experience has plainly demonstrated that interior towns must look to 
something else than mercantile business to give them growth and prosperity. 
It is by manufacturing enterprises that such towns succeed, and Lexington 
realizes the fact. She wants pushing, experienced, enterprising manufac- 
turers, regardless of where they come from or to what school of politics 
they belong, if they are willing to help us build up this town. We want 
factories to work up our raw material, and to turnout watches, hats, brooms, 
crackers, <^oap, candles, glue, cigars, &c ; tanneries, laundries, silver-plating 
shops, brick-yards, and a host of other industries Persons seeking a loca- 
tion for their skill and capital will do well to examine the advantages of Lex- 
ington. 



WOODBURN. 

For lovers of fine stock to come to Lexington and not visit its almost 
suburban attraction — Woodburn — is equal to seeing Hamlet with Hamlet 
left out, for Woodburn is the most noted and extensive breeding establish- 
ment of its kind in this country. This grand place, which comprises about 
three thousand acres, is adjacent to Spring Station on the Lexington and 
Louisville railroad, only a few minutes ride from this cil_y, and is the home 
of Mr. A.J. Alexander. It was here that old Lexington, the greatest race 
horse of his time, j>assed his days, and is the present home of King Alfonso 
(sire of Foxhall) ; Imp. Glen Athol, Falsetto, Pat Malloy. Asteroid, and 
more than a hundred other thoroughbreds. Harold, the sire of Maud S , 
Miss Russell, dam of Maud S., and Lord Russell, the full brother, and Bel- 
mont, sire of Wedgewood, represents the trotting department of about one 
hundred and twenty -fi\e head. The Duke and Duchess of Airdrie, names 
familiar to the Shorthorn world, stand at the head of a herd of sixty fine 
cattle. Add to these attractions, the Southdown t-heep and Shetland ponies, 
and one has a faint idea of the beauty that animates the Blue Grass pastures 
of Woodburn. The annual sales at W'oodhurn draw strangers from all 
parts of the I'nited States. 



GLriDE TO LEXINGTON. 



51 




wnm, \'dkm 



52 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

SECRET AND BENEVOLENT ORDERS. 

MASONIC. 

Lexington Lodge, No, i, meets at Masonic Hall, corner of Walnut 
and Short, first and third Fridays of each month. 

Daviess Lodge, No. 22, meets at Masonic Hall. 

Devotion Lodge, No. 160, meets at Odd Fellows' Hall first and third 
Tuesdays in each month. 

Good Samaritan I^odge, No. 174, meets first and third Thursdays in 
each month. 

Lexington R. A. Chapter, No. i, meets at Masonic Hall second 
Thursday in each month. 

Webb Commandery, No. 2, stated conclave at Masonic Hall second 
Friday in each month. 

odd fellows. 

Friendship Lodge, No. 5 (founded May 6, 1837), meets every Friday 
in the Odd Fellows' Temple, on Main, near Lirrestone. 

Covenant Lodge, No. 22, meets at Odd Fellows' Temple every Satur- 
day. 

Merrick Lodge, No. 31, meets at Odd Fellows' Temple every Monday. 

Bethesda Encampment, No. 15, meets at Odd Fellows' Temple first 
and third Tuesdays in each month. 

Lexington Degree Lodge, No. 3, meets at Odd Fellows' Temple 
second and Fourth Wedne?days in each month. 
knights of honor. 

Una Lodge, No. 51S, at Odd Fellows' Temjile second and fourth Thurs- 
day nights in every month. 

Home Lodge, at Odd Fellows' Temple every Thursday night. 

knights of PYTHIAS. 

Phantom Lodge, No. i;. Odd Fellows' Temple every Wednesday 
night. 

royal templars of temperance. 

Hope Council, No. i. Odd Fellows' Temple first and third Tuesdays 
in each month. 

knights of the golden rule. 

Meet at Odd Fellows' Temple first and third Thursday nights in each 
month. 

ANCIENT order UNITED WORKMEN. 

Fayette Lodge, No. 4, meetsover Miller & Cough's second and fourth 
Thursday nights in each month. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



S3 



Mutual Lodge, No. ii, meets over Miller .& Gough's first Monday 
night in each month. 

indrpendent order b'nai-b'rith. 

Lexington Lodge, No. 2S9, meets at Odd Fellows' Temple first and 
fourth Sundays in each month. 

independent order of FORRESTERS. 

Court Hobah, No. S, meets at Odd Fellows' Temple first Friday of 
each month. 

ASHLAND lodge OF GOOD TEMPLARS. 

Meets at Odd Fellows' Lodge every Saturday night. 

GERMAN BENEV^OLENT SOCIETY. 

Meets at Kruse & Hartman's Hall, on Main street, first Sunday in every 
niontli. 




ASHLAND HOUSE. 

Not the least of Lexington's attractions to strangers are her well man- 
aged hotels, and the Ashland House is one of them. It is centrally located 
on Short street, only a half a square from the post-oftice and banks. The 
proprietors, H. E. Boswell & Son, have made a fine reputation by keeping 
up a good table, and proving in other ways that they know how to "keep a 
hotel." 



54 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

HISTORIC POINTS. 

Henry Clay was married (1799) in the house on the corner of Mill 
and Secona, now occupied by Mrs. Ann Rjland. 

Joe H. Daviess, the great prosecutor of Burr, lived in the house ort 
Main, opposite the Christian Church, and now occupied by Mr. Montague. 

General James Wilkinson lived, about 1785, on the corner of Main 
street and the alley adjoining the Colored Baptist Church. 

"Mad" Anthony Wayne inspected recruits for the Indian campaign 
of 1794 back of the Carty residence on Broadway. 

Lafayette was received by the Masons in 1S25 at their hall, which 
then stood near the corner of Main and Broadway, on the site of the build- 
ing now occupied by Curry, Howard & Murray. 

John Bradford published the first Kentucky newspaper, "The Ken- 
tucke Gazette," in i7S7,on Maguire's corner, Main and Broadway. He lived 
and died in the Ryland residence, corner of Mill and second. 

Gen. JcHN II. Morgan's old home is on the corner of Mill and Sec- 
ond, where his mother still resides. 

Colonel Robert Patterson, the founder of Lexington, and one of the 
founders of Cincinnati, lived on the site of the Hayes residence, corner of 
Hill and Lower. 

Humphrey Marshall, the able Federalist partisan, and author of 
Marshall's History of Kentucky, died in the residence at the head of Sixth, 
street. 

McKinney's Schoolhouse, where in 1783 occurred the celebrated 
fight with the wildcat, was on Cheapside, between the present Gazette office 
and the bank building. 

Edward West, who, it is claimed, invented the first steamboat, launched 
his model in 1793 on Town Fork, at the L , C. and L. iVeight depot, where 
the water had been dammed up for the purpose. 

Joel T. Hart, a Kentuckian, and one of the greatest of American sculp- 
tors, had his studio in the rear of the Bradley residence, on Second street. 

Richard H. Menifee lived at the Huston place, on the Harrodsburg 
turnpike, where Gen. John C. Breckinridge also lived at one time. 

Matt H. Jouett, the greatest painter Kenti.cky has yet produced, had 
his studio in a building which stood where the front yard of the Northern 
Bank building now is. He was visited there by Gen. Andrew Jackson, Pres- 
ident Monroe and Lafayette. 

Jesse Ble dsoe lived at the Barnes place, head of Walnut street. 

{Coyitinued 071 page 56.] 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



55 




ENTRANXE TO LEXINGTON CEMETERY. 

At the West end of Main Street, just beyond the crossing of the Ken- 
tucky Central Railroad, is the Lexington cemetery, one of the loveliest 
places of its size and kind in this country, and no stranger should leave the 
city without paying it a visit. Nature, art and associations have all com- 
bined to make it attractive, and it is adorned with many handsome monuments, 
statues and beautiful memorials that are weU worth inspection. Here rests 
"the Sage of Ashland;" John Morgan, the briLiant partisan leader of the 
South ; General John C. Breckinridge, Chief Justice Robertson, Colonel 
Morrison, General Combs, Francis K. Hunt, Gen. Gordon Granger, Hugh 
McKee, and many others distinguished in the history of Kentucky and the 
nation. Here also are the honored graves of a large number of Federal and 
Confederate soldiers who '-sleep their last sleep, and have fought their last 
battle." 



56 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

HISTORIC POINTS (Continued). 

James Brown's residence was on the corner of Short and Mill — Wol- 
verton building. 

Col. James Morrison, founder of Morrison College, lived in the 
building, corner of Short and Upper, now occupied bj Third National Bank. 
He died in Washington, D. C , April 23, 1S23, and is buried in the Lexing- 
ton cemetery. 

Thomas F. Marshall, the brilliant orator, occupied the present law 
office of Judge R. A. Buckner on Jordan's Row, near the corner of Short 

Mrs. Rhoda Vaughn, daughter of Capt Holder, and the first white 
woman born in Kentucky, is buried in the Episcopal cemetery, on Third 
Street, west of Dewees . 

Dr. Ben Dudley, the distinguished surgeon, had his office for many 
years in the residence on the corner of Mill and Church, now occupied by 
E. D. Sayre. 

George Nicholas, one of the ablest of earl}- Kentucky statesmen, 
lived on the site of the Sayre Institute. 

Cassius M. Clay conducted 'The True American" (which was sup- 
pressed in 1S45) in the rear of Smith's drug store, corner of Mill and Main. 

Robert Wi^kliffe lived at the Preston place, corner of Second and 
Jefferson. 

George Robertson's residence was on the corner of Mill and High. 

Aunt Nancy Lee (colored), born Aug. 4, 1775, the only living person 
who saw Lexington when it was a frontier settlement, lives on Short, be- 
tween Limestone and Walnut. 



FAYETTE NATIONAL BANK AND HIGGINS BLOCK. 

These handsome buildings, which speak so well for the business enter- 
prise of the city, are located on Main and Upper streets. The Fayette 
National, Squire Bassett, President, and R. S. Bullock, Cashier, stands di- 
irectly on the corner of the two streets, and occupies the site of the old Brent 
Tavern, noted as the place where Aaron Burr and his fellow-conspirators 
held a secret meeting in the interest of their grand scheme to found a new 
empire. 

The engraving of this block was made fron.i a photograph by Johns, 
whose beautifully executed pictures fully demonstrate Lexington's facilities 
for turning out first-class photographic work. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



57 




58 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

LEXINGTON MANUFACTORIES. 

Awnings — T. A, Hornsey, 24 West Short. 

Baskets — George Koonz, Broadway, near Main. 

Bee Hives — Williamson & Bro., 122 West Main. 

Bread — ^J. W. Lell, 19 North Broadway; T. McNamara, 190 South 
Broadway; M. Dunleavy, 66 Manchester; P. Dockery, 140 West Short. 

Blank Books — Transylvania Printing Company, 52 East Main; E. B. 
Smith, i6>^ West Main. 

Bottling Works — M. Benckart, 39 East Third. 

Bricks — G. D. Wilgus, 77 North Limestone. 

Candy — ^J. W. Lell, 19 North Broadway. 

Carriages — ^J. V. Upington & Bro., 102 feast Short; Baker & Bro., 12 
North Limestone; C. Gormley, 28 North Limestone; H. Weiman, 63 
West Main ; Ely & Bro., 178 East Main. 

Cigars — ^J. Robinson, W^st Main; J. R. Reinberger, West Main; M. 
.Feller, 12 South Mill. 

Copper Works— R. D. Williams, 58 West Short. 

Cooper Shops — Blue Grass Cooper Shops, 199 East High; E. »!?c J. 
Dowling, 246 West Main; A.J. Oots. 239 West Main. 

Gas Factory — West Main, between Spring and Lower. 

Grass Seed Cleaners — I. B. Sandusky ^i Co., West Short; Carroll 
& Son, West Main. 

Hemp (Dressed) — W. Frazer & Co., 130 North Broadway;). F 
Scott &Bro., 58 West Third; Loughridge & Nelson, Seventh, between Lime- 
stone and Upper; R. C. Morgan & Co., Fourth street; Graves & McClel- 
land, corner Broadway and \'ine ; J. Yellman, 243 West Third. 

Horse Boots — ^J. R. Shedd, 77 East Main. 

Ice Factory — West Main, facing Jefferson. 

Malt Houses — Luigart & Harting, North Limestone, city limits. 
Wolf & P^arris, North Upper, between Fifth and Sixth. 

Machine Shops — S. Simcox, 75 West \'ine; R. D. Williams, 60 West 
Short. 

Marble Works — Wm. Adams cV Sons, 42 North Broadway; M. Pru- 
den & Co., 44 West Main. 

Planing Mills — E. R. Spotswood v*v: Son, 180 East Main; F. Bush. 
& Son, Short street ; Williamson & Bro . 122 West Main. 
Paint (Root)— [. H. Hallowell, 115 West \'ine. 

Saddles and H ARNESS—Thompson cV: Boyd, 53 East Main; Barkley 
& Pilkington, 63 East Main; McCabe ^S: Co, 5 South Mill; C. Hottes, la 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



59 



North Limestone; T. O'Brien, 7 North Limestone; A. Davis, 17 North 
Limestone; J. M. Hayes, 53 East Short; J. Faig, 16 West Short. 

Saw Mill — B. Fitts, Manchester. 

Scale Works— C. Wailej, 141 East Short. 

Soap Factory — Allen & Sheely. 18 West Vine. 

Tinware — M. G. Thompson, 14 South Upper; W. J. Houlihan & 
Bro., 26 West Main; L. P. Milward, 3 West Main; H. A. White, 23 West 
Short; Alex Miller, 42 West Main; Crosthwait & Son, 20 West Short. 

Twine FACTORiES—Yellman & Bro., Georgetown, near Fourth; Lex- 
ington Hemp Mills, West Main, near railroad crossing. 

Wagon Makers~J. Rumsev, 124 East Short; W. H. Newberry, 46 
North Limestone; P. H. Feenjs 57 West Main; H. Weitzel, 64 West Short; 
Willis Bell, 97 West Short. 

Woolen Mills— Loud & Bro., cor. Water and Ayres; Bosworth & 
Bro., Frankfort pike, near citv limits. 

Flour Mills — Hayman & Co., 2 and 4 Vine; W^. Armstrong, 115 




LMP. KING BAN. 



6o GUIDE TO LEXIXGTJN. 

THE PHCENIX HOTEL. 

This famous hostelrie is located on the corner of Main and Limestone 
streets, and though entirely new and modern in all its appointments, is 
in one sense the oldest hotel in the whole Western country, for it has 
with various changes, continued to exist ever since the year iSoo. Early in 
this century its ancient predecessor was destroyed by fire, but only to rise 
^juickly from its ashes in an improved form, displaying upon its front a 
■quaint«representation of the fabled PhcEnix. whose name it has continued to 
bear from that day to this. It was here that Aaron Burr lodged in the fall 
of 1806, while engaged in his daring conspiracy to make himself the head of 
a new empire, and was here met and welcomed by Harman Blajinerhasselt, 
the cultured, but unfortunate. Irishman he had so completely fascinated. 
Here, as far back as Jefferson's* administration, Democrats and Federalists, 
in knee-buckled breeches, ruffled shirts and dangling cues, talked red-hot 
politics, and here one August day in 1812 a dense throng of ladies, in long- 
waisted dresses and with powdered hair, towering aloft on cushions, waved 
farewell to the gallant Kentucky volunteers who marched so proudly past 
the old tavern on their way to the fatal field of Raisin. It was the scene of 
a sumptuous dinner to Lafayette, and later was the stopping place of the 
wily Mexican chieftain. General Santa Anna. During the late war, while 
Lexington was held by the Confederates, it was the headquarters of Gen- 
erals Bragg and Kirby Smith, and bef ^re the struggle en.»ed sheltered Gen- 
eral Grant. President Arthur has :ilso been its guest. It has flourished 
since the time it was a low-roofed, weather-boarded old inn, with a stile 
block, creaking sign board, and crowd of bowing and merry-hearted slaves. 
It has passed through the days of stage coaches, big log fires and tallow can- 
dles, and now new, commodious and conducted in number one style by a 
natural-born hotel keeper, Mr. C F. Simonds, it is up with the times of 
steam and the electric light. In addition *to the attractions of its table and 
other first-class appointments, it has a telegraph office and splendid restau- 
rant under its roof, is the seat of the Lexington Club, and extend^ to the 
depot of the Cheseapeake and Ohio and Kentucky Central Railroads, so that 
passengers and biaggage are landed right at its doors. 



Fayette, the county of which Lexington is the seat of justice, is 
bounded on the north by Scott county, on the south by Madison and Jessa- 
mine, on the east by Bourbon, and on the west by Woodford, It is twenty- 
iive miles from north to south, mean bi"eadth eleven miles, and contains 275 
square miles, or 176,000 acres. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



6l 




(52 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



'DIXIANA, 



"Dixiana." the beautiful stud farm of the noted turfman, Major B. G 
Thomas, and one of the suburban attractions of Lexington, is situated on 
the Russell Road, near Russell Cave, six miles north of the citj, contains 
two hundred and fifty acres of rich blue grass, watered by North Elkhorn 
creek, and is devoted by its proprietor exclusively to breeding and training 
race horses. To think of "Dixiana" is to think of Herzog, Himyar, Fellow- 
craft, King Ban, Lelaps, and other thoroughbreds who have made them- 
selves famous. A handsome sign-board over the front gate of "Dixiana" 
is one of the most unique and expressive features of the place. It says : 
"Nothing except a good race horse wanted. Agents for the sale of books, 
patent medicines, sewing machines, wheat fans, corn planters, and especially 
lightning rods, not admitted. Visitors who will come to my houseware al- 
ways welcome.'' If a tourist, anxious to see something original, can't find 
it in that sign-board, his last chance will be to visit the mountains oi the 
inoon. 



MAMBRIXO PATCIIEN. 

This great trotting stallion, so well known to horsemen throughout the 
countrv, and own brother to Lady Thorne, who sold for $53,000, will be 
found by visitors at Forrest Park, the farm of the veteran breeder, Dr. L. 
Herr, a mile from the cit}', on the Nicholas\ille pike. This noted establish- 
ment, with its hundred head of fast stock, mile track, and extensive stables, 
is the pioneer trotting horse school of Kentucky, from which fleet-footed 
graduates have gone to eveiw State in the Union. Few turfmen who come 
to Lexino;ton fail to visit Forrest Park. 



HORSEMEN'S HE ADQIJARTERS. 

This large and handsome stable, owned and conducted by Messrs. 
B. J. Treacy and G. D. Wilson, is located on Main street, near the Phoen-x 
Hotel, and is one of the most complete establishments of its kind in this 
country. Nothing strikes an observing visitor to Lexington more than the 
number and immensitv of the --horse hotels" that abound in thecitv. 



The Liberty Pole (178S). conspicuous during the Alien and SediUon 
excitement of John Adans's administration, was located on the corner of 
Main and Cheapside. 



Cr, 







64 GUIDE TO LEXINGTOX. 

THE PEPPER DISTILLERY. 

This extensive establishment, which marks the interesting spot where 
Lexington was so romantically named in 1775 (see "Wilderness Spring),"' 
is the property of James E, Pepper & Company, and is located on 
the old Frankfort pike, half a mile from the city limits. It is a most com- 
plete concern, being provided with all the modern appliances, has a floor 
space in distillery and warehouse of 63,000 square feet ; consumes an average 
of 550 bushels of grain per day, and produces annually 1,100 barrels of the 
noted Henry Clay and "Pepper" whiskies, made after the genuine, old- 
fashioned, hand made sour- mash process — a process which the tourist will 
have no chance to observe anywhere outside the State of Kentucky, from 
the simple fact that no hand mide sour-ma^h whisky is manufactured any- 
where else. The distillery is under the personal supervision of Mr. James 
E. Pepper, whose grandfather is said to have built the first distillery erected 
in the then wilderness district of Kentucky. The fine internal arrange- 
ments of this establishment ; its cleaning and grinding apparatus; its numer- 
ous tubs of 'mash ;" the "beer;" the process ©f distillation ; the stills, and 
the barreling and stamping of the whisky itself, furnishes a curious sight to 
visitors to the greatest "Bourbon" region of the world. 



WOODLAND PARK. 

This beautiful place, the principal pleasure resort of Lexington, is lo- 
cated on east Main street, just within the city limits, and is reached by the 
street cars, which carry visitors directly to its gates. The place originally 
belonged to Mr. Irwin, a son-in-law of Henry Clay, and owes its name to 
the fact that it embraced one of the most exquisitely beautiful stretches of 
woodland to be seen in the whole Blue Grass Region. The park was the 
seat of the State Agricijltural College when it was established in connection 
with Kentucky University, and several oV the brick residences about it were 
erected for the use of professors in that institution. Woodland Park is pro- 
vided with a commodious park house, where balls and other entertainments 
are given, an amphitheatre, base ball grounds, bicycle track, music hall, 
swings, &c. Usual admission fee, five cents. No intoxicating liquors allow- 
ed on the grounds. Mr. J. H. Hopson is the lessee. 

The engraving of the Park (see illustration) was made from a fine 
photograph by Mullen, the well-known artist, whose first-class productions- 
have done so much to secure for Lexington her extended reputation in. 
this line of art. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



65 



j:^^^ iHi> 




66 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 




CHRIST CFiURCH (EPISCOPAL). 

Christ Church, Rev. Thos. A. Tidball, Rector, located on the corner 
of Church and Market streets, is the onlv church edifice of pure Gothic arch- 
itecture in the city, and is noted for the elegance and spaciousness of its in- 
terior, a beautiful m-^morial window, the gift of Mrs. E. B. Woodward, being 
one of its adornments. Christ Church, which has always occupied the 
same site, was organized in 179''^ by Rev. James Moore, the first minister of 
the Episcopal Church of the United States to settle permanently in Kentucky, 
and the first President of Transylvania University, His memorial tablet 
can be seen in the inner front wall of the edifice. Rev. B. B. Smith, now 
the Presiding Bishop of the Episcopal Cluirch of the United States, was 
rector of Christ Church for many years, as was also Rev E. F.Berkley, who 
preached Mr. Clay's funeral sermon, and Dr. Shipman, p?-esent pastor of 
Chri<t Church, New York City. The fureral services of General John H. 
Mcrgan were con lucte 1 in th"s building. 

St. Ann'-s Church, Episcopal (Colored)— Rev. J B. McConnell, 
Pastor — Is on Fourth street, between I'jiper and Limestone. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



67 




68 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

LEXINGTON'S MANUFACTURING ADVANTAGES. 

The remarkable advantages which this city offers for the establishment 
of manufactories are attracting deserved attention, and are destined to make 
her one of the important industrial points of the Ohiovallej. She can easilj 
feed an army of artisans and mechanics, for she is the food depot of the land 
of abundance, the Blue Grass Region of Kentucky, which produces more of 
the necessaries and luxuries of life than anj' other equal section of country 
in the world. She enjoys a climate especially favorable to continuous me- 
chanical labor and its various productions, for it is temperate, signally exempt 
from extremes, storms and epidemics, and is pre-eminent for healthfulness^ 
as reference to national statistics will show. She has an inexhaustible sup- 
ply of water that can be reached at any point by boring to a moderate depth. 
She has more educational institutions, including colleges, universities and 
five public schools, than any city of the same size in America, and eighteen 
churches flourish under the auspices of the leading religious bodies of the 
country. She has street railways, gas, telephones, good markets, free mail 
delivery, and all other public conveniences necessary to an industrial popu- 
lation, as these pages plainly indicate. She proposes to exempt manufac- 
turers, and especially those employing skilled labor, from taxation for a term 
of years. She is located in the very midst of the most productive hemp and 
tobacco section of this country, with a character of labor especially adapted 
to their manufacture — a region which furnishes a large amount of wool and 
which yields the wheat most desired for the flour trade of South America. 
She has an industrial element among her white population, both male and 
female, of superior character and intelligence, anxious for mechanical em- 
ployment, particularly in establishments in which they may be trained and 
become useful at skilled labor. She is a railroad center. The Chesapeake- 
and Ohio, the Cincinnati Southern, Louisville and Nashville, Kentucky 
Central, Lexington and Maysville, and Kentucky Union railways afford her 
commercial intercourse in every direction, shipping facilities unsurpassed by 
any other city in the State, and cheaper freights east and South than either 
Cincinnati or Louisville. She has inexhaustible supplies of cheap raw ma- 
terials for manufacturing almost at her doors, for her railroads have opened 
up to her the wonderful resources of the neighboring counties of Eastern 
Kentucky. From thence they bring her low-priced coal from a field whose- 
area exceeds that of the coal field of England, and whose seams are from 
three to eight feet in thickness. Many of the coals equal the best Pittsburg, 
and one of them, the cannel, took the premium at the Centennial Exposition 
at Philadelphia as the finest in the world. The character of the immense- 
iron resources of this region is displayed in the celebrated Red River car 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



69 



wheel iron found on the Kentucky Union Railroad, only forty-five miles 
from Lexington. Nowhere in this country can iron be produced cheaper, 
and no ores of equal richness are to be found so convenient to pure, cheap 
coals. The timber of this region is of the greatest extent and variety, is of 
inestimable value, and includes the finest virgih hard wood known in Amer- 
ica. Old forest walnut that can not be surpassed, black birch, hickory, white 
oak, red maple, yellow poplar, chestnut, elms, lindens, locust and buckeyes 
abound. Salt, gypsum, clays for pottery and fire brick, building stone, hy- 
<3raulic limestone and other valuable substances are abundant. 

From this brief summary it is evident that Lexington ofters superior ad- 
vantages for the manufacture of railroad materials, agricultural implements of 
every description, woodenware, furniture, tobacco, hempen materials, leather 
and leather goods, pottery, terra cotta articles, wagons, fine vehicles, woolen 
goods, watche^, dehcate machinery and artistic productions, and for the loca- 
tion of iron works, machine shops, mills, factories and industrial establish- 
ments of m.any kinds. 




thp: state college 

Or more correctly speaking, ''the Agricultural and Mechanical College of 
Kentucky,'' is finely situated at the south end of Limestone street, in the 
midst of the noted old Ma^xwell Spring grounds of fifty acres, once the pro- 
perty of John Maxwell, a companion of Boone, and one of the founders of 
Lexington. The handsome and imposing buildings are entirely new, having 
just been completed last year, and are heated by steam and supplied with all 
the modern conveniences. The view from the central tower is exceedingly 



70 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

fine. One of the attractions of the institution is a splendid archceological 
collection, presented by the Government. The Agricultural and Mechan- 
ical College was organized in 1866, is entirely unsectarian, is under the ex- 
clusive control of the State, and affords a large number of students of limited 
means all the advantages of an able faculty free of tuition. A normal de- 
partment and military training are prominent features of the institution. 
The attendance is large, and if its late rapid increase is continued will soon 
amount to six hundred or seven hundred students. Professor James K. Pat- 
erson, widely known as an educator, is the accomplished President of the 
college, and he is assisted by a full corps. of professors distinguished for their 
learning. The State College, ably conducted and splendidly equipped, af- 
fords every facility for a thorough education, and is the pride of Lexington, 
noted as she is for the number and high character of her educational ad- 
vantages. 4 

NOTED LOCALITIES. 

Aaron Burr and alleged conspirators met in iS. 6 in a building re- 
placed by the Fayette National Bank, on the corner of Main and Upper. 

Horace Holly, the brilliant President of Transylvania University, had 
a residence in 1818 adjoining the old college building, which then stood in 
Gratz Park. 

Thf First Stone Sill of the Western railroad, afterwards known as 
the ''Lexington and Frankfort," was laid at the corner of Mill and Water, 
Oct. 21, fS^t. 

The First Church established in Lexington was "Mt. Zion," Pres- 
byterian (1784). and stood on the site of City School No. i, corner of Short 
and Walnut. 

Fort Clay, erected by Gen. Gilmore of the Federal army, was near 
the Versailles turnpike, overlooking the Cincinnati Southern Railroad. 
The remains of an earth- work can still be seen at the Association Course. 

John Pope lived at the VVoolfolk place, corner of Hill and Rose, where 
William T. Barry subsequently lived. 



LIVE STOCK ESTABLISHMENTS. 
Many establishments devoted to the breeding and training of fine stock 
are located near the city, a number of which rank among the most extensive 
and successful of their kind in America, and are of themselves worth a visit 
to Lexington to see. They are always open to strangers, who never fail to 
receive a hearty Kentucky welcome and every facility to see the sights. See 
lists on pages 78 and 80. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTOX. 



71 




THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. 
This important institution, organized to ..romote the commercial and in- 
dustrial interests of Lexington, is located in Lell's Hall, on Short street, near 
the post-office. It represents the capital, the public spirit, and the business 
intelligence of the city, gives them their freest and most influential expres- 
sion, and unites and concentrates the strength of the business men, thus 
making their efforts in behalf of the trade and advancement of the city ten- 
fold more effective. The Chamber is deeply interested in building up man- 
ufactories in Lexington, for which industries the city affords unusual advan- 
tages, and all laudable enterprises of this character receive the prompt and 



ij2 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

earnest attention of this body. Its members are wide-awake, and extend a 
heartj invitation to capitalists, manufacturers, mechanics and business men 
generally, to locate among them and share the blessings of this highly favored 
region. The Chamber of Commerce has rejuvenated Lexington. Its offi- 
cers are : President, J. H. Davidson; Vice Presidents, \V. B. Emmal and 
W. S. McChesney; Board of Directors, Alexander Pearson, M. Kaufman, 
W. C. P. Breckinridge, J. W. Lell, R. P. Stoll, E. C. Piatt, G. W. Ranck ; 
Secretary, R J. O'Mahoney 

Lell's Hall, the strikingly handsome building in which the sessions of the 
Chamber of Commerce are held, was lately erected bv J. W. Lell, one of the 
most enterprising and public spirited citizens of Lexington. 



CHRISTIAN CHURCHES. 

The Main Street Christian Church — Elder W. F. Cowden, 
Pastor — is located on Main Street, only a few steps east of the Phoe- 
nix Hotel, and is noteworthy, not only for accommodating the largest 
congregation in the city, but as the building in which occurred in 1843 the 
debate between Bishop Alexander Campbell and Rev. N. L. Rice, with 
Henry Clay as one of the Moderators. The history of the Church of Christ 
in Lexington begins with the year 1S25, when one little religious, body under 
the leadership of the able and scholarly Barton W. Stone, and another 
holding the then newly advanced views of the distinguished Alexander 
Campbell, began to attract public attention. The two churches subsequent- 
ly uniting, formed the present Christian Church of Lexington. Memories 
of the powerful and original Lard, of the poetically eloquent Dr. Pinkerton, 
of the devoted and accomplished President Milligan of Kentuck}^ University, 
and of others whose voices are now silent, cluster about the Main Street 
Church. 

The Broadway Christian Church-EM. J. S. Shouse, Pastor- -stands 
on the corner of Broadway and Second Streets. This church was organized 
as an independent body in 187 1, with Elder J. W. McGarvey as pastor. 
It is located in one of the best quarters of the city, and has latel}'' been very 
handsomely improved. 

The Constitution Street Christian Church (Colored) — Elder 
H. M. Ayres, Pastor — South side of Constitution Street, between Limestone 
and Walnut. This is the most tasteful church edifice owned by the colored 
people of the city. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON, 



73 




MAIN STREET CHRISTIAN CHURCH. 



74 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON, 




GUIDE TO LEXINGTON, 



75 




SAYRE FEMALE INSTITUTE. 



A view of the extensive buildings, park-like grounds and complete ap- 
pointments of this noted school, which is located on Limestone street, facing 
Second, will give the tourist some idea of the educational advantages which 
have made Lexington so widel j known as a seat of learning. Prominent 
among the scientific apparatus of this institution can be seen one of those 
wonderful instruments, the Planetarium, invented in Lexington by Thomas 
Barlow, perfected after ten years study and labor, and awarded a medal of 
the first class at the Paris Exposition. Another attractive feature to visitors 
is the large gymnasium, devoted to the physical training of the pupils, and 
provided with a bowling alley and the best modern appliances for exercise 
and recreation. The Sayre Institute, which was established through the 
munificence of that liberal [)atron of learning, the late David A. Sayre, of 
this citv, now has the benefit of the fostering care of his nephew, Mr. E, D. 
Sayre, chairman of the Board of Trustees. The patronage of the school is 
very large, and is most justly deserved. At the head of its full board of in- 
structors is Major H, B. McClellan, principal, through whose scholarly 
ability and untiring energy the Institute has been brought up to its present 
high state of efficiency. It is a first-class school. 



76 GUIDE TO LE?6INGT0N'. 

ASHLAND PARK STOCK FARM. 

Few horse fanciers who come to I^exington go away without catching 
a good gHmpse of Ashland Park, the well known breeding and training 
farm of Mr. Barney J. Treacy. It is located about a mile from the city, on 
the Richmr^nd pike; comprises four hundred acres of unbroken blue grass, 
■a fine mile track, ample stabling, and all the conveniences needed in a large 
and complete establishment of its kind. Woodford Abdallah, conspicuous 
for the richness of his thoroughbred strains, is the present head of the Ash- 
land Park Stud of over two hundred horses of all ages, and trotters by him 
^nd the noted Abdallah West, have gone to nearly every quarter of the 
:globe. Ashland Park was inspected by President Arthur when he visited 
Lexington. 



EASTERN KENTUCKY LUNATIC ASYLUM. 

This immense institution, the largest of any kind in the city of Lexing- 
ton, and one of the most complete of its character in the United States, is 
■situated on the Newtown pike, with its main entrance on Fourth street. 
The beautifully ornamented grounds embrace three hundred acres, and the 
handsome and imposing brick buildings, which almost equal in capacity an 
ordinary village, are supplied with every modern convenience, comfort and 
medical and scientific arrangement calculated to benefit the large number of 
unfortunate inmates. Since the establishment of this great public charity 
more than a million do.lars have been spent upon it, upwards of five thousan d 
patients have been received and treated, and of that number nearly two 
thousand have been discharged as recovered. This asylum, the first of its 
kind founded in the West, and the second State institution for the cure of 
the insane in this country, was incorporated in 18 16, and was established 
through the enlightened exertions of some of the benevolent citizens of early 
Lexington. The building caught a stray cannon ball during the war fired 
by the Federals from Fort Clay during Morgan's last ra,id in June, 1864. 
Dr. R. C. Chenault is the present able Medical Superintendent. His pre- 
decessor was the faithful official. Dr. W. O. Bullock. The institution is 
•open to visitors ever} Tuesday and Thursday between the hours of two 
and five in the afternoon. See page 81. 



The breeding and training of trotting horses is conducted on a very 
4arge scale in the country surrounding Lexington, and the size and equip- 
ment of some of the institutions devoted to the education of these animals 
make them objects of special attention to strangers. See page 78. 



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> 

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a; 







yS GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

THOROUGHBREDS AND TROTTERS. 

The following is a list of the most prominent breeding and training es- 
tablishments about Lexington, their distances from the citj and their most 
noted stallions, viz ; 

THOROUGHBREDS. 

Dixiana, B. G. Thomas, Russell road, six miles from Lexington — Imp. 
King Ban, Fellowcraft, Lelaps, &c. 

Bryant Station, J. A. Grinstead, Bryant Station road, six miles from 
Lexington. 

Blue Grass Park, J. A. Grinstead, Georgetown road, ten miles from Lex- 
ington — Gilroy. 

Elnnendorf, D. Swigert, Maysville road, five miles from Lexmgton — 
Glenelg. Prince Charlie, kc. 

McGrathiana, Milton Young, Newtown road, three miles from Lexing- 
ton — Onandaga. 

Ashland Stock Farm, John M. Clay, Tate's Creek road, two miles from 
Lexington. 

Lakewood, R. W Preston, Richmond road — Strachino. 

Woodburn and its thoroughbreds is noticed elsewhere. 

Harper's, the home of Longfellow and Ten Rroeck, is near Midway, a 
short ride from this city. 

TROTTERS 

Fairlawn. W. T. Withers, North Broadway, city limits — .\lmont, .Sec. 

Forrest Park, L. Herr, Nicholasville road, one mile from Lexington — 
Mambrino Patchen. 

Ashland. H. C McDowell, Richmond road — Dictator. 

Ashland Park, B. J. Treacy, Richmond road, one and a half miles from 
Lexington — .\bdallah West. 

Westland, R. West. Versailles road, two miles from Lexington — Black 
wood and Egbert. 

Inwood, A. S. Talbott, near Harrodsburg road, two and a half miles from 
Lexington — Alcyone. 

Ash Grove, W. Simmons, Old Frankfort road, five miles from Lexing- 
ton — George Wilkes. 

Bryant Station, P. P. Johnston, Bryant Station road, five miles from 
Lexington. 

Walnut Grove, R. Todhunter, RicliniDad roid. eight miles from Lex- 
mgton. 



GUIDE TO LEXIVGTON, 



79 



Walnut Hill, Z. E. Simmons, Richmund roaJ, six miles from Lexington 
— France's Alexander. 

A. Smith McCann, Russ.dl road, two miles tVom Lexington — Red 
Wilkes. 

Waveland, Joseph Bryant, Nicholasville road, four miles from Lexing- 
ton — Hambrino. 

N. C. Stanhope South Elkhorn road, i^even miles from Lexington. 

Robert Prewitt, near Athens, eight miles from Lexington- Ashland 
Chiet: 




CITY SCHOOL, NO 3. 

This large and ban Isome building erected in iSSi, and named for Dr. 
Ben W. Dudley, of Transylvania University, is located on the corner of 
Mill and Maxwell. It is an honor to the citv, and reflects the progressive 
spirit of her splendid public schools. Col. J R. Graves, Principal. 

MoRTOX School. No. i, located on the corner of Walnut and Short 
Steeets, is named in honor of a public spirited citizen, William Morton, who 



8o GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

left a legacy of $10,000 to increase its usefulness. Prof. G. D. Hunt, Prin- 
cipal. 

Harrison School, No. 2, named in honor of the venerable James O. 
Harrison, who greatly improved the city schools, stands on West Main 
Street, near Jefferson. Prof. J. B. Skinner, Principal. 

Superintendent of City Schools— John O. Hodges, Jr., Esq. 

In addition to the city schools named above, there is one for Catholic 
pupils and four for colored children, and also a goodly number of very fine 
private schools. 

The public schools of Lexington are in a high state of efiiciency and 
prosperity, and constitue one of the strongest inducements to the intelligent 
and industrious to locate in the city. They originated in 1S34, just after a 
terribly destructive cholera season had left many children unprovided with 
means of education. 



SHORT-HORN HERDS. 

The aristocratic cattle of this and adjoining covmties should not be ne- 
glected by the tourist. Nothing will give him a better idea of the wonderful 
qualities of this lim.estone soil than a view of the noted herds of Short- Horns 
which constitute so large a' part of the wealth of Central Kentucky, to say 
nothing of the Jerseys and the Alderneys, the Cotswold and Southdown 
sheep, and the fine hogs. The regular sales of Short- Horns that take place 
at and near Lexington every summer attract buyers from all parts of the 
country, and though these sales last only a few days, from .$200,000 to $300,- 
000 worth of high-bred animals are sold at them. The following is a list 
of Short- Horn breeders and distances frorn Lexington, Ky. 

A. L. Hamilton, Tate's Creek pike, three miles. 

W. W. Hamilton, Maysville pike, two and a half miles. 

J. G. Kinnaird, Winchester pike, near Chilesburg. 

William Warfield, Winchester pike, two miles. 

W. W. Estill, Winchester pike, four miles. 

David Coleman, Newtown pike, three miles. 

Isaac Vanmeter, Versailles pike, five and a half miles. 

Hart Boswell, Russell road, eight miles. 

W. D. Boswell, Russell road, seven miles. 

R. H. Innes, Russell road, ten miles. 

C, W. Innes, Russell road, ten miles. 

G. H. Whitney, Russell road, eight miles. 
I. P. Shelby, Richmond road, nine miles. 

D. H. James, Military road, eight miles, near South Elkhorn. 



82 



GUIDE TO LEXIVGTON 




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GUIDE TO LEXINGTOX 



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84 



GUIDE TO LEXIXGTON. 



WATERWORKS. 

A fir>t-class system of waterworks is about to be added to Lexington's 
numerous advantages. As this book goes to press a joint committee of the 
City Council and Chamber of Commerce is considering the best means or 
accomplishing this impcrtant object. The city will be supplied with water 
either from the subterranean resources mentioned on page lo or from the 
Kentucky River, which is about eleven miles from Lexington, and is fed by 
a multitude of pure mountain streams. In either case Lexington will be one 
of the best watered cities in the country. 




HYGEL\ HOTEL. 

{Old Point Comfort, Va). * 

Situated on Hampton Roads, one hundred vards tVom Fortress InI oniroe, 
is open all the year round. By the completion of the Chesapeake and 
Ohio Railroad this delighttul place has become almost a suburban attraction 
of Lexington, and crowds from the Blue Grass Region of Kentucky con- 
stantly enjoy the boating, fishing and surf bathings and the comforts and 
elegancies of the hotel. It is both a summer retreat and a winter home. 
United with it and under the same management is that celebrated mountain 
resort 

THE 15VHITE SlTI,I»HUIl SPRIIKGS, 

Greenbrier County, West Virginia,, whose health-giving waters, magnificent 
scenery and extensive hotel attractions have gained for it so wide a reputa- 
tion that it has been called "the Baden-Baden of America." H. Phoebusjs 
the proprietor and lessee of these united seaside and mountain resorts. 



GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 



^^II1DEX.%„. 



Ashland, Home of Clay 23 

Ashland Hotel 53 

Almont 39 

A Chance for Mechanics 22 

Ashland Park ... 76-77 

As a Popular Resort 6 

Banks, List of 42 

Baptist Churches 25-26 

Belmont 83-50 

Block House 9 

Bi-jant's Station 14 

Building Stone 6 

Cartj Building 11 

Catholic Churches 4t;-46 

Centenary M. E. Church 35 

Chamber of Commerce 71 

Cheese Factories Wanted 38 

Christian Churches 7-~73 

City Hall 37 

City Schools 79-80 

Clay Monument . . 31 

Court House 17 

Confederate Monument 41 

Commercial College 11 

Colored People, &c 26 

Davis, Jefferson, Home of 49 

Dixiana 62-63 

Distances 40 

Dictator 36 

Distilleries, List of 48 

Eastern Kentucky Lunatic Asylum 76-81 

Elmendorf Farm ... 20 

Episcopal Churches '. . ■ ■ 66 

Fairlawn 33 

Fair Grounds 27-28 

Fayette National Bank 56-57 

First Capitol of Kentucky 21 

Gratz Park 14 

Hamilton Female College 43~44 

Harold, sire of Maud S 51 

Health of Lexington 9 

Historic Points 54~56 

Hint to Manufacturers 44 

Higgins Block 57 

High Bridge 26 

Horsemen's Headquarters 62-82 



86 GUIDE TO LEXINGTON. 

Hjgeia Hotel 84 

Internal Revenue 49 

Iron and Coal 40 

Kentucky Union Railway 34 

King Ban 59 

Lexington, General Description of 5 

Lexington Library 16 

Lexington Cemetery ... 55 

Lexington Manufacturers, List of 58 

Lexington's Progress 18 

Lexington's Manufacturing Advantages 68 

Lexington's Lumber Advantages 48 

Mambrino Patchen . . , 62-74 

Masonry, Western 19 

Masonic Lodges 52 

Manufactories 50 

Methodist Churches . 36 

Morrison College 13 

Newspaper Offices 20 

Noted Localities 70 

Northern Bank of Kentucky 29 

Odd Fellows /' 52 

Old Fort, The (frontispiece) 12 

Pepper Distillery. The . 64-05 

Phoenix Hotel 6q-6i 

Population and Manufactures 8 

Presbyterian Churches 15-16 

Public Buildings, &c 30 

Race Course 46-47 

Railroad Depots 28 

Residences and Merchandise iS 

Russell Cave 19 

Sayre Female Institute 75 

Scott's Block . 2[ 

Secret and Benevolent Societies 52-53 

Short- Horns, I.ist of So 

Skilled Labor 32 

State College, The 69 

Suburban Attractions 23 

Thoroughbreds and Trotters 78 

Tobacco Factories 24 

Water Supply 10 

Waterworks 84 

War Points 38 

What is the Blue Grass Region 8 

Wilderness Spring, The 7 

Woodburn 50 

Woolen Mills 16 

Woodland Park 64-67 

Young Men's Christian Association I3 

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